Table 3:

The cellular and biochemical events associated with reparative, proliferative and maturation phases of the remodeling of IZ following MI.

Reparative and proliferative phase
Biochemical events	Pathological effects	References
Suppression of inflammation	Decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, acidosis and neutrophil density and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines, M2 macrophages, lipid-derived pro-resolving mediators and pro-fibrosis mediators	[11]
Fibroblast activation and scarring	Transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to the synthetic phenotype called myofibroblast	[22]
ECM remodeling	Formation of mechanically weak provisional matrix comprising fibrin and fibronectin is formed at IZ which matures by collagen deposition	[23]
Maturation phase
Biochemical events	Pathological effects	References
Scar maturation	ECM cross linking, deactivation of reparative cells, withdrawal of fibrogenic growth factors, clearance of matricellular proteins, and reduction in ECM synthesis and myofibroblast density	[24]