Table 7.
General characteristics of patients who did not survive, of those with ARDS and of those who were hospitalised
| Outcome | Overall | Death (n=7) | P value | ARDS (n=11) | P value | Hospitalisation (n=41) | P value | |||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||
| Sex, male | 40 (70) | 6 (86) | 34 (68) | 0.662 | 10 (91) | 30 (65) | 0.146 | 29 (71) | 11 (69) | 0.883 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 65 (57–70) | 70 (67–77) | 62 (57–70) | 0.088 | 68 (63–73) | 62 (55–70) | 0.052 | 65 (57–71) | 60 (54–68) | 0.162 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.0 (21.4–30.6) | 24.5 (21.7–27.3) | 26.3 (21.4–31.2) | 0.185 | 25.5 (21.6–28.2) | 26.2 (21.3–31.1) | 0.625 | 25.5 (29.7–21.4) | 27.4 (21.6–33.2) | 0.258 |
| HCC as indication to LT | 20 (35) | 5 (71) | 15 (30) | 0.084 | 8 (73) | 12 (26) | 0.011 | 15 (37) | 5 (31) | 0.703 |
| Very long-term LT | 21 (37) | 3 (43) | 18 (36) | 0.701 | 4 (36) | 17 (37) | 1.000 | 16 (39) | 5 (31) | 0.582 |
| Very short-term LT | 11 (19) | 2 (29) | 9 (18) | 0.610 | 3 (27) | 8 (17) | 0.429 | 9 (22) | 2 (13) | 0.710 |
| Smoke history | 7 (14) | 1 (17) | 6 (14) | 1.000 | 1 (10) | 7 (15) | 1.000 | 5 (14) | 2 (14) | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 21 (37) | 3 (43) | 18 (36) | 0.700 | 5 (46) | 16 (35) | 0.511 | 14 (34) | 7 (44) | 0.502 |
| Arterial hypertension | 32 (56) | 4 (57) | 28 (56) | 1.000 | 6 (55) | 27 (57) | 1.000 | 22 (54) | 10 (63) | 0.544 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (37) | 2 (29) | 19 (38) | 1.000 | 4 (36) | 17 (36) | 1.000 | 14 (34) | 7 (44) | 0.502 |
| History of cancer | 24 (42) | 5 (71) | 19 (38) | 0.119 | 9 (82) | 15 (33) | 0.005 | 18 (44) | 6 (38) | 0.659 |
| Active cancer | 5 (9) | 3 (43) | 2 (4) | 0.011 | 4 (36) | 1 (2) | 0.004 | 5 (12) | 0 (0) | 0.308 |
| Dyspnoea at presentation | 26 (46) | 6 (86) | 20 (41) | 0.041 | 9 (82) | 17 (39) | 0.016 | 22 (54) | 4 (27) | 0.129 |
| Leucocytes, ×1000/μL, median (IQR) | 4.51 (3.33–6.00) | 2.95 (1.77–4.51) | 4.70 (3.65–6.00) | 0.113 | 3.70 (1.93–5.52) | 4.70 (3.65–6.00) | 0.297 | 4.61 (3.39–6.85) | 3.85 (3.27–5.13) | 0.170 |
| Platelets, ×1000/μL, median (IQR) | 160 (91–268) | 93 (79–110) | 170 (104–273) | 0.044 | 102 (88–134) | 183 (104–280) | 0.064 | 164 (91–270) | 149 (96–202) | 0.745 |
| Lymphocytes, ×1000/μL, median (IQR) | 0.79 (0.40–1.10) | 0.49 (0.30–0.60) | 0.80 (0.52–1.18) | 0.030 | 0.49 (0.40–0.76) | 0.81 (0.58–1.18) | 0.064 | 0.73 (0.45–1.00) | 1.02 (0.74–1.22) | 0.126 |
| AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 38 (25–53) | 48 (36–80) | 35 (24–52) | 0.134 | 38 (27–57) | 38 (23–53) | 0.358 | 45 (27–57) | 21 (17–29) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L, median (IQR) | 30 (20–42) | 21 (16–74) | 31 (21–42) | 0.602 | 22 (16–30) | 32 (22–44) | 0.142 | 33 (23–57) | 21 (18–30) | 0.026 |
| Overall immunosuppression reduction | 22 (39) | 2 (29) | 20 (40) | 0.695 | 4 (36) | 18 (39) | 1.000 | 18 (44) | 4 (25) | 0.236 |
| Overall immunosuppression discontinuation | 4 (7) | 1 (14) | 3 (6) | 0.417 | 1 (9) | 3 (7) | 1.000 | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.568 |
| ACE inhibitors or sartans | 13 (24) | 3 (50) | 10 (20) | 0.136 | 3 (30) | 10 (22) | 0.685 | 10 (25) | 3 (20) | 1.000 |
| Oxygen therapy | 30 (54) | 7 (100) | 23 (47) | 0.012 | 11 (100) | 19 (42) | <0.001 | 29 (71) | 1 (7) | <0.001 |
| Steroids (for COVID-19) | 19 (35) | 4 (67) | 15 (31) | 0.167 | 6 (60) | 13 (29) | 0.077 | 18 (45) | 1 (7) | 0.010 |
| Antibiotics | 35 (63) | 7 (100) | 28 (57) | 0.038 | 10 (91) | 25 (57) | 0.039 | 30 (73) | 5 (33) | 0.012 |
| >1 antibiotic | 16 (29) | 4 (67) | 12 (24) | 0.049 | 6 (60) | 10 (22) | 0.024 | 15 (38) | 1 (6) | 0.023 |
| Antiviral | 5 (9) | 1 (14) | 4 (8) | 0.501 | 1 (9) | 4 (9) | 1.000 | 5 (12) | 0 (0) | 0.309 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 24 (44) | 3 (50) | 21 (43) | 1.000 | 5 (50) | 19 (42) | 0.655 | 22 (55) | 2 (13) | 0.006 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LT, liver transplantation; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil,.