Table 2.

Different in vitro tests with their specific functions.

In Vitro Test	Specific Function
TEM, HR-TEM	Core size, shape, and size distribution
SEM	Morphology and size distribution
DLS	Hydrodynamic radius, colloidal stability, and size distribution
EDXD	Elemental analysis and chemical composition
XRD	Chrystallographic identity, phase purity, and aids in the mean particle size measurement
SQUID, VSM	Net magnetization
XPS	Surface reactions, bonding characteristics and chemical composition
Zetasizer	Surface charge
FT-IR	Organic functional groups