Table 1.
Landmarks Events in the Discovery of Five Hepatitis Viruses A to E. Discovery of Each Hepatitis Virus Followed a Distinctive Definable Event, Which Included Description of the Disease Caused by Each Hepatitis Virus, Followed by Identification of Antigen-antibody System And/Visualization of Virus-like particles. Cloning and Sequencing With or Without Prior Identification of cDNA Clones Followed to Establish the Viral Aetiology of the Agent. Author Along with the Institution and Relevant Reference is Included at the Bottom.
| Hepatitis | Disease | VLP/Antigen | Virus (Cloning and Sequencing) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Krugman1 et al 1967 (infectious hepatitis) | Feinstone2 et al 1973 (VLP by IEM) | Ticehurst3 et al 1983 |
| B | Krugman1 et al 1967 (Serum hepatitis) |
Blumberg4 et al 1967 (Australia antigen on immunodiffusion) Dane5 et al 1970 (VLP-Dane particle on EM) Almeida6 et al 1971 (S & C antigens) Magnius7 et al 1972 (e antigen) |
Burrell8 et al 1979 |
| C | Alter9 et al 1975 (Non-A, non-B hepatitis) | Tabor10 et al 1978 (Transmission studies in Chimps) |
Choo11 et al 1989 (identification of cDNA clone) Choo12 et al 1991 |
| D | Rizzetto13 et al 1977 (delta antigen in liver biopsies) | Rizzetto14 et al 1980 (Delta Virus) | Wang15 et al 1986 |
| E | Khuroo16 et al 1980 (Epidemic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis) | Balayan17 et al 1983 (VLP on IEM) |
Reyes18 et al 1990 (identification of cDNA clone) Tam19 et al 1991 |
1 = Willowbrook NY (JAMA 1967; 200:59), 2=NIH Bethesda MD (Science 1973; 182:1026), 3=NIH Bethesda MD (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80:5885), 4=Institute Cancer Research Philadelphia (JAMA 1967; 191:541), 5=Middlesex Hospital London (Lancet 1970; i:695), 6=Royal Postgraduate Medical School London (Lancet 1971; ii:1225), 7 = Stockholm Sweden (Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavia 1972; Section B, 80:335), 8=Edinburgh UK (Nature 1979; 279:43), 9=NIH Bethesda MD (Lancet 1975; ii:838), 10=FDA Bethesda MD (Lancet 1978; i:463), 11 = Chiron CA USA (Science. 1989; 244(4902):359), 12 = Chiron CA USA (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:2451), 13=Turin Italy (Gut 1977; 18:997), 14 = NIH Bethesda MD (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980; 77:6124)., 15=Chiron CA USA (Nature 1986; 323:508), 16 = Kashmir India (Am J Med 1980; 68: 818), 17=Moscow USSR (Intervirology 1983; 20: 23), 18=Genelabs CA USA (Science 1990; 247:1335), 19=Genelabs CA USA (Virology 1991; 185(1):120).