Table 2.
Ongoing PET imaging based clinical trials including breast cancer patients (n = 48)
| Radiotracer | Target | Description of disease characteristics | Estimated enrollment | Phase | Trial ID | (estimated) Study start year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [18F]-FES | ER | ER+, HER2− MBC | 60 | NA | NCT03442504 | 2017 | Recruiting |
| ER+, HER2− MBC | 8 | I/II | NCT04150731 | 2020 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| ER+ (M)BC | 60 | III | NCT03544762 | 2017 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+, HER2− MBC | 75 | II | NCT02409316 | 2015 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+ MBC | 68 | NA | NCT03768479 | 2017 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+, HER2− MBC | 104 | I | NCT03455270 | 2018 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+, HER2− locally advanced and locoregional recurrent BC | 40 | NA | NCT03726931 | 2018 | Recruiting | ||
| ER−, HER2+ MBC | 33 | NA | NCT03619044 | 2019 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| ER+ MBC | 100 | NA | NCT04125277 | 2019 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+ MBC | 99 | II | NCT02398773 | 2016 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+, HER2− MBC | 25 | NA | NCT03873428 | 2020 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| ER+ (M)BC | 100 | I | NCT01916122 | 2013 | Recruiting | ||
| ER+ recurrent BC or MBC | 100 | NA | NCT00816582 | 2010 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Regardless of ER/HER2 status, MBC | 217 | NA | NCT01957332 | 2013 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| ER+ (M)BC | 29 | NA | NCT02149173 | 2010 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| ER+, HER2− MBC | 16 | I | NCT02650817 | 2016 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| ER+ MBC | 15 | NA | NCT01720602 | 2012 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| [18F]-FDHT | AR | AR+, HER2− MBC | 22 | II | NCT02697032 | 2016 | Active, not recruiting |
| [18F]-FTT | PARP-1 | (M)BC | 30 | NA | NCT03846167 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| BC | 30 | I | NCT03083288 | 2017 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| [18F]-ISO-1 | Sigma-2 receptor | MBC | 30 | NA | NCT03057743 | 2016 | Recruiting |
| BC | 30 | I | NCT02284919 | 2014 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| [18F]-FLT | Thymidine kinase activity | Regardless of ER/HER2 status, Rb + MBC | 20 | I | NCT02608216 | 2015 | Recruiting |
| MBC | 17 | NA | NCT01621906 | 2012 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| [18F]-FMISO | Hypoxic cells | ER−, HER2− MBC | 126 | II | NCT02498613 | 2016 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-GE-226 | HER2 | MBC | 16 | NA | NCT03827317 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-F-GLN | Glutamine metabolism | (M)BC | 30 | NA | NCT03863457 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-αvβ6-BP | αvβ6 | (M)BC | 27 | I | NCT03164486 | 2016 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-Var3 | Extracellular pH | MBC | 10 | I | NCT04054986 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-Flutemetamol | Amyloid beta | BC | 15 | NA | NCT02317783 | 2015 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-FSPG | Amino acid transporter xc− | BC | 120 | NA | NCT03144622 | 2016 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-FAZA | Hypoxic cells | BC | 25 | I | NCT03168737 | 2017 | Recruiting |
| [18F]-ASIS | Tissue factor | (M)BC | 10 | I | NCT03790423 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| [89Zr]-Trastuzumab | HER2 | Regardless of ER/HER2 status, MBC | 217 | NA | NCT01957332 | 2013 | Active, not recruiting |
| [89Zr]-Atezolizumab | PD-L1 | ER−, HER2− MBC | 54 | NA | NCT02453984 | 2016 | Recruiting |
| Lobular ER+ MBC | 10 | NA | NCT04222426 | 2019 | Recruiting | ||
| [89Zr]-CED88004S | CD8 | ER−, HER2− MBC | 40 | I/II | NCT04029181 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| [89Zr]-Bevacizumab | VEGF | Inflammatory HER2− (M)BC | 10 | I | NCT01894451 | 2015 | Active, not recruiting |
| [68Ga]-ABY-025 | HER2 | HER2+ (M)BC | 120 | NA | NCT03655353 | 2018 | Recruiting |
| [68Ga]-RM2 | Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor | ER+ BC | 80 | III | NCT03731026 | 2018 | Not yet recruiting |
| [68Ga]-NOTA-Anti-HER2 VHH1 | HER2 | MBC | 20 | II | NCT03924466 | 2019 | Recruiting |
| MBC | 30 | II | NCT03331601 | 2017 | Recruiting | ||
| [68Ga]-FAPI-46 | Fibroblast activated protein | (M)BC | 30 | I | NCT04147494 | 2019 | Not yet recruiting |
| [68Ga]-PSMA-11 | Prostate specific membrane antigen | (M)BC | 30 | I | NCT04147494 | 2019 | Not yet recruiting |
| [64Cu]-DOTA-Trastuzumab | HER2 | HER2+ BC | 20 | II | NCT02827877 | 2016 | Recruiting |
| HER2+ MBC | 18 | NA | NCT01093612 | 2011 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| HER2+ MBC | 10 | NA | NCT02226276 | 2015 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| [64Cu]-DOTA-alendronate | Mammary microcalcifications | BC | 6 | I | NCT03542695 | 2020 | Not yet recruiting |
| [64Cu]-M5A | Carcinoembryonic antigen | (M)BC | 20 | NA | NCT02293954 | 2015 | Active, not recruiting |
| [13N]-NH3 | Glutamine synthetase | Locally advanced BC | 124 | II | NCT02086578 | 2014 | Active, not recruiting |
Searched for breast cancer and positron emission tomography in ClinicalTrials.gov. Only trials which have not been published and had a recruitment status of active, (not yet) recruiting were included. Combined PET/MRI scans and [18F]-FDG-PET scans were excluded
(M)BC (metastatic) breast cancer, ER estrogen receptor, HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, AR androgen receptor, NA not applicable, PARP poly ADP ribose polymerase, PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor