Table 2.
Novel and traditional biomarker associations with echocardiogram measurements in chronic kidney disease patients
| Biomarker | LV mass index (g/m2.7) | LV ejection fraction (%) | LV end systolic volume (ml/m2.7) | LV end diastolic volume (ml/m2.7) | Left atrial diameter (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDF-15 | |||||
| Unadjusted | 3.7 (3.1, 4.2) | –0.3 (–0.6, 0.0) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 0.10 (0.07, 0.13) |
| Model 1 | 1.0 (0.4, 1.7) | –0.2 (–0.7, 0.3) | 0.4 (0.0, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) | 0.00 (–0.03, 0.04) |
| Model 2 | 0.5 (–0.1, 1.2) | –0.0 (–0.5, 0.5) | 0.1 (–0.2, 0.4) | 0.2 (–0.2, 0.7) | –0.02 (–0.06, 0.01) |
| Galectin-3 | |||||
| Unadjusted | 2.4 (1.9, 2.9) | 0.0 (–0.3, 0.3) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.06) |
| Model 1 | 0.3 (–0.2, 0.7) | –0.0 (–0.4, 0.3) | 0.1 (–0.1, 0.3) | 0.3 (–0.0, 0.6) | 0.00 (–0.02, 0.03) |
| Model 2 | 0.1 (–0.3, 0.6) | –0.0 (–0.3, 0.3) | 0.1 (–0.1, 0.3) | 0.2 (–0.1, 0.5) | –0.00 (–0.03, 0.03) |
| sST-2 | |||||
| Unadjusted | 1.1 (0.6, 1.7) | –0.3 (–0.6, 0.0) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.1) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.10) |
| Model 1 | 0.1 (–0.4, 0.6) | –0.1 (–0.4, 0.3) | 0.1 (–0.1, 0.3) | 0.2 (–0.1, 0.5) | 0.02 (–0.00, 0.05) |
| Model 2 | –0.2 (–0.7, 0.3) | 0.0 (–0.3, 0.4) | –0.0 (–0.2, 0.2) | 0.0 (–0.3, 0.3) | 0.01 (–0.01, 0.04) |
| NT-proBNP | |||||
| Unadjusted | 3.7 (3.1, 4.2) | –0.8 (–1.2, –0.5) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.6 (1.2, 1.9) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) |
| Model 1 | 2.2 (1.6, 2.8) | –1.1 (–1.6, –0.7) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.16) |
| Model 2 | 2.0 (1.4, 2.6) | –1.1 (–1.5, –0.7) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.3 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.16) |
| hsTNT | |||||
| Unadjusted | 4.7 (4.2, 5.3) | –0.8 (–1.1, –0.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.5) | 0.18 (0.15, 0.20) |
| Model 1 | 2.2 (1.6, 2.8) | –0.7 (–1.1, –0.3) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09) |
| Model 2 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.1) | –0.3 (–0.8, 0.1) | 0.4 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.02 (–0.01, 0.05) |
GDF, growth differentiation factor 15; hsTNT, high-sensitivity troponin T; LV, left ventricular; NT-proBNP; N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; sST-2, soluble ST-2.
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes at baseline, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, log-transformed 24-h urine protein, blood pressure, body mass index, and medication use (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and beta blockers).
Model 2 was further adjusted for the alternative cardiac biomarkers.
Difference estimates are per 1-SD increment in the log-transformed biomarker.
Statistically significant values are shown in bold type.