Table 3.
Associations of novel (Gal-3, GDF-15, sST2) and traditional (NT-proBNP, hsTnT) biomarkers (as quintiles) and echocardiogram measurements in chronic kidney disease
| Predictor | Quintile | LV mass index (g/m2.7) | LV ejection fraction (%) | LV end systolic volume (ml/m2.7) | LV end diastolic volume (ml/m2.7) | Left atrial diameter (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDF-15 | (Reference: ≤824) | |||||
| 825–1150 | –0.1 (–1.5, 1.3) | 0.5 (–0.5, 1.6) | –0.6 (–1.3, 0.1) | –0.6 (–1.6, 0.3) | –0.05 (–0.13, 0.02) | |
| 1151–1520 | –0.4 (–1.9, 1.0) | –0.1 (–1.3, 1.0) | –0.1 (–0.9, 0.7) | –0.3 (–1.3, 0.8) | –0.05 (–0.13, 0.03) | |
| 1521–2120 | 0.9 (–0.8, 2.6) | 0.2 (–1.1, 1.5) | 0.1 (–0.8, 1.0) | 0.5 (–0.8, 1.7) | –0.03 (–0.13, 0.06) | |
| >2120 | 2.6 (0.7, 4.4) | –0.8 (–2.3, 0.6) | 0.9 (–0.1, 2.0) | 1.5 (0.2, 2.9) | 0.01 (–0.09, 0.11) | |
| Gal-3 | (Reference: ≤8.96) | |||||
| 8.97–12 | 0.4 (–0.9, 1.6) | 0.5 (–0.5, 1.4) | –0.3 (–1.0, 0.3) | –0.2 (–1.2, 0.7) | –0.02 (–0.09, 0.05) | |
| 12.1–15.1 | 1.5 (0.2, 2.8) | –0.0 (–1.0, 1.0) | 0.1 (–0.6, 0.8) | 0.4 (–0.6, 1.3) | –0.03 (–0.10, 0.05) | |
| 15.2–20 | 0.5 (–0.8, 1.9) | 0.1 (–0.9, 1.2) | 0.0 (–0.7, 0.7) | 0.3 (–0.7, 1.2) | 0.04 (–0.04, 0.12) | |
| >20 | 1.7 (0.3, 3.2) | –0.3 (–1.4, 0.8) | 0.6 (–0.1, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.2, 2.3) | 0.01 (–0.07, 0.10) | |
| SST-2 | (Reference: ≤10.2) | |||||
| 10.3–13.1 | –0.9 (–2.3, 0.4) | –0.3 (–1.2, 0.6) | 0.1 (–0.5, 0.6) | 0.0 (–0.9, 0.9) | –0.02 (–0.09, 0.05) | |
| 13.2–16.3 | 0.7 (–0.7, 2.2) | –0.6 (–1.5, 0.4) | 0.6 (–0.1, 1.2) | 0.7 (–0.3, 1.6) | 0.01 (–0.06, 0.08) | |
| 16.4–21.6 | –1.2 (–2.5, 0.2) | 0.1 (–0.9, 1.1) | 0.2 (–0.4, 0.8) | 0.5 (–0.5, 1.4) | 0.02 (–0.06, 0.09) | |
| >21.6 | –0.2 (–1.6, 1.3) | –0.6 (–1.6, 0.5) | 0.5 (–0.1, 1.2) | 0.8 (–0.2, 1.8) | 0.03 (–0.05, 0.11) | |
| NT-proBNP | (Reference: ≤27.9) | |||||
| 28–69.7 | 2.0 (0.8, 3.3) | –0.2 (–1.0, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.3, 2.0) | 0.07 (0.00, 0.13) | |
| 69.8–147 | 2.5 (1.2, 3.9) | –0.7 (–1.6, 0.2) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.4) | 1.3 (0.4, 2.2) | 0.12 (0.05, 0.19) | |
| 147.1–327 | 3.0 (1.5, 4.5) | –1.3 (–2.4, –0.3) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.2) | 2.1 (1.0, 3.1) | 0.16 (0.09, 0.24) | |
| >327 | 6.0 (4.2, 7.8) | –2.9 (–4.2, –1.7) | 2.9 (2.0, 3.9) | 3.5 (2.2, 4.8) | 0.42 (0.33, 0.51) | |
| hsTNT | (Reference: ≤10) | |||||
| 10.1–14 | 1.7 (0.6, 2.9) | –0.1 (–0.9, 0.8) | 0.2 (–0.3, 0.7) | 0.3 (–0.5, 1.1) | 0.01 (–0.05, 0.08) | |
| 14.1–22.9 | 2.8 (1.5, 4.1) | –1.0 (–1.9, –0.0) | 0.8 (0.2, 1.5) | 0.8 (–0.1, 1.8) | 0.07 (0.00, 0.15) | |
| >22.9 | 5.6 (4.1, 7.2) | –1.6 (–2.6, –0.5) | 1.9 (1.1, 2.6) | 2.6 (1.5, 3.6) | 0.16 (0.08, 0.24) |
Gal-3, galectin-3; GDF, growth differentiation factor 15; hsTNT, high-sensitivity troponin T; LV, left ventricular; NT-proBNP; N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; sST-2, soluble ST-2.
Values are difference (95% confidence interval). Model was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes at baseline, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, log-transformed 24-h urine protein, blood pressure, body mass index, and medication use (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and beta blockers).
Bold values indicate significant associations in comparison to the reference group.