Table 1.
Available equipment and resource to diagnose and manage acute kidney injury (AKI)
| Variables | Hospitals (N = 10) |
Total, % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provincial hospitals (n = 4) |
District hospitals (n = 6) |
||
| Frequency | Frequency | ||
| Human resources | |||
| Internal medicine doctor(s) | Present | Present | |
| Nephrologists | Not available | Not available | |
| Nephrology nurses | Not available | Not available | |
| Laboratory tests | |||
| Serum urea | |||
| Always available | 2 (20) | 4 (40) | 60 |
| Frequently available | 2 (20) | 1 (10) | 30 |
| Rarely available | 0 | 1 (10) | 10 |
| Serum creatinine | |||
| Always available | 3 (30) | 6 (60) | 90 |
| Frequently available | 1 (10) | 0 | 10 |
| Serum potassium | |||
| Always available | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 40 |
| Frequently available | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 40 |
| Rarely available | 0 | 2 (20) | 20 |
| Serum sodium | |||
| Always available | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 40 |
| Frequently available | 2 (20) | 2 (20) | 40 |
| Rarely available | 0 | 2 (20) | 20 |
| Urine dipstick for proteinuria | Always available | Always available | |
| Urine microscopic examination | Always available | Always available | |
| Microscopes | Always available | Always available | |
| Centrifuges | Always available | Always available | |
| AKI-related medications and medical supplies | |||
| i.v. Calcium gluconate | Always available | Always available | |
| Calcium /sodium kayexalate | Never available | Never available | |
| i.v. Sodium bicarbonate | |||
| Always available | 1 (10) | 3 (30) | 40 |
| Frequently available | 0 | 2 (20) | 20 |
| Never available | 3 (40) | 1 (10) | 40 |
| Crystalloids (normal saline and Ringer’s lactate) | Always available | Always available | |
| Antimalarial (artemisinin-based therapy) | Always available | Always available | |
| Third-generation cephalosporins | Always available | Always available | |
| Foley catheters and urine bags | Always available | Always available | |
| Other equipment and facilities | |||
| Hemodialysis services | |||
| Available | 0 | 2 (20) | 2 (20) |
| Not available | 4 (40) | 4 (40) | 8 (80) |
| Peritoneal dialysis | Not available | Not available | |
| Ambulance for patient transportation | Always available | Always available | |
| Patient meals provided by hospital | |||
| Yes | 0 | 1 (10) | 10 |
| No | 4 (40) | 5 (50) | 90 |
| Clean water source | Always available | Always available | |
| Electricity | Always available | Always available | |
Always available, available 7 of 7 days; frequently available, available 5 to 6 of 7 days; rarely available, available 1 to 2 of 7 days.
Data are n (%) unless otherwise noted.