Table 3.

Effect of music therapy on salivary cortisol levels.

Cortisol ng/ml	Mean differences
	Median (min-max)	p-value
Before music therapy	4.14 (0.25–9.89)	0.99∗,a
After music therapy	3.47 (0.16–15.31)

Min: minimal value, Max: maximal value, ∗: p-value > 0.05 no effect, ^a: analysis by Wilcoxon signed-rank test.