Table 2.

Measurements of calf muscle girth, strength, and flexibility in both groups.

Outcomes	Knee OA group (n = 15)	Control group (n = 15)	Levene's test	Between-group differences
				Mean difference (95% CI)	Cohen's d	t test	p value
Girth (cm)	39.6 ± 4.2	39.3 ± 3.5	F1,28 = .008, p = .931	.3 (−2.6, 3.2)	.04	.189	.852
Strength (N)	123.4 ± 23.4	165.4 ± 55.6	F1,19 = 4.2, p = .05	−42.0 (−73.9, −10.1)	−.44	−2.697	∗.014
Flexibility (ankle DF [°])	13.2 ± 3.8	15.1 ± 3.9	F1,28 = .093, p = .762	−1.9 (−4.8, 1.0)	−.24	−1.383	.177

CI: confidence interval, DF: dorsiflexion.

∗ indicates significant difference.

Values are expressed as mean ± SD.