FIGURE 1.

Brain activity related to positive‐social emotion upregulation and passive viewing conditions. (a) In both experiments, Tables resume the number and duration of displayed images per condition block. Blue boxes indicate conditions by which participants were instructed to effortfully upregulate. (b) For the first experiment (Koush et al., 2019), the dmPFC and sgACC activations are illustrated (the main effect of stimuli, positive > neutral), and (c) the bar plots for target ROIs showcase contrast estimates of modeled conditions with their 90% confidence intervals (CI, red error bars). Shaded blue color denotes emotion upregulation conditions. (d) For the second experiment, positive‐social emotion upregulation was associated with increased activity in the left amygdala, the dmPFC, and the sgACC, as compared to baseline. Passive or rapid passive viewing of neutral nonsocial stimuli conditions were selected as control (denoted baseline) conditions in the experimental runs. (b, d) The sgACC and dmPFC ROIs are highlighted as red rectangular box and green circle, respectively. (e) Rapid passive viewing of the depicted positive‐social situations was associated with bilateral amygdala activation, as compared to baseline. For illustration purposes, activation maps were thresholded (p < .005 unc., 10 voxels extent) and overlaid onto the structural template using Mango software (ric.uthscsa.edu/mango). AMY, amygdala; dmPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; FOV, field of view