TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics, session information and change in set shifting performance after rTMS
| Verum group n = 16 | Control group n = 17 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 55 ± 9 (39–75) | 57 ± 10 (41–70) | .606 a |
| Sex (no./% men) | 9/56% | 11/65% | .619 b |
| Level of education reached c (median, range, % >5) | 6 (4–7) 69% | 6 (3–7) 59% | .721 b |
| Estimated IQ | 98 ± 12 (73–123) | 110 ± 14 (82–130) | .012 |
| MMSE | 29 ± 1 (28–30) | 29 ± 1 (27–30) | .360 |
| Session information | |||
| Interval Session 1–Session 2 (days) | 17 ± 11 (7–56) | 16 ± 8 (7–35) | .772 a |
| Interval rTMS–task (s) | 319 ± 54 (240–488) | 356 ± 137 (277–800) | .053 |
| Total trials completed Day 1 | 276.6 ± 6.8 (263–289) | 278.4 ± 10.9 (263–299) | .578 a |
| Total trials completed Day 2 | 274.6 ± 5.6 (265–288) | 280.0 ± 9.4 (264–298) | .054 a |
| Change in set shifting performance after rTMS (% change from baseline) | |||
| RRT | −2.44 ± 14.70 (−30.65–33.41) | −6.00 ± 17.72 (−30.47–27.40) | .488 |
| SRT | −5.08 ± 8.01 (−21.75–14.36) | −9.17 ± 15.59 (−38.93–18.95) | .465 |
| RER | −0.26 ± 0.54 (−1.50–0.73) | −0.06 ± 0.65 (−1.09–1.67) | .533 |
| SER | 0.43 ± 0.96 (−1.13–3.12) | −0.27 ± 1.05 (−2.56–1.37) | .049 |
Note: Values are presented as mean ± SD (range) unless otherwise indicated. Significance of group differences tested using an independent samples Mann–Whitney U test unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; RRT, repeat response time; SRT, switch response time; RER, repeat error rate; rTMS, Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SER, switch error rate.
Independent samples t test.
Pearson's χ2 test.
Level of education expressed as the Verhage 7‐point scale (Verhage, 1964): 1 = no finished education; 5 = secondary school, medium level; 7 = university training. Proportions of people scoring ≤5 and >5 compared using χ2 test.