Table 2.
Sex-based analysis of rate of stroke/SE and major bleeding studies.
| Authors, year | Sample (n) | Type of the study | Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score | Rate of strokes/SE and major bleeding in female vs male patients | Anticoagulant therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poli et al., (2013) [9] | Total patients 3,015 (aged > 80 years): Men 1,361, Women 1,654 |
Observational study | Females showed a higher risk score for all the classes of risk when CHA2DS2VASc was applied | Stroke: Men nr. 45 (1.3 per 100 person year) Women nr. 67 (1.6 per 100 person year) RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.8) Major bleeding: Men nr. 75 (2.2 per 100 person year) Women nr. 97 (1.4 per 100 person year) RR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.3) |
VKA treatment |
|
| |||||
| Avgil Tsadok et al., (2015) [33] | Total patients: 15,918 Men 8,346 Women 7,572 |
Observational study | Men 2.6 Women 3.9 |
Stroke: Men HR (95% CI) 0.98 (0.78-1.23) Women HR (95% CI) 0.79 (0.56- 1.04) Major bleeding: Men HR (95% CI) 0.73 (0.64-0.84) Women HR (95% CI) 0.85 (0.71-1.01) |
Dabigatran |
|
| |||||
| Vinereanu et al., (2015) [34] | Total patients: 9,120 Men 5886 Women 3234 |
Randomized controlled trial | Men 3 (median) Women 4 (median) |
Stroke/SE: Men HR (95% CI) 0.84 (0.66-1.05) Women HR (95% CI) 0.73 (0.54- 0.97) Major bleeding: Men HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.64- 0.90) Women HR (95% CI) 0.56 (0.44- 0.72) |
Apixaban vs warfarin |
|
| |||||
| Camm et al., (2017) [15] |
Total patients: 28, 624 Men 15 915, Women 12,709 |
Prospective study | Men 2.6 ± 1.5 Women 4.0 ± 1.4 |
Stroke/SE: Men 1.17 (CI 1.01-1.37) Women 1.62 (CI 1.41-1.87) Major bleeding: Men 0.79 (CI 1.01 - 0.95) Women 0.93 (CI 0.78 - 1.1.3) |
Men: 33.8% VKA, 12.2% VKA+AP, 13.1% NOAC, 3.8% NOAC+AP, 24.9% AP, 12.2% none. Women: 37.1% VKA, 9.7% VKA+ AP, 13.9% NOAC, 3.2% NOAC+AP, 23.9% AP, 12.3% none |
|
| |||||
| Law et al., (2018) [31] | Total patients: 15,292 Men 7,952 Women 7,340 |
Cohort study | Men 2.96 (SD 1.68) Women 4.34 (SD 1.79) |
Stroke: Men HR (95% CI) 0.85 (0.65-1.12) Women HR (95% CI) 0.81 (0.63- 1.03) Major bleeding: Men HR (95% CI) 1.13 (0.73- 1.4) Women HR (95% CI) 0.89 (0.63- 1.27) |
Warfarin vs DOAC |
AP: Antiplatelet; CI: Confidence interval; DOAC: Direct oral anticoagulant; HR: Hazard ratio; NOAC: Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; RR: Risk ratio; SE: Systemic embolism; VKA: Vitamin K antagonists.