Table 1.
Overall analysis of the difference between hemostatic drugs and no hemostatic drugs group.
| Variables | No. Pts | Overall | No. Pts | Hemostatic drug group | No. Pts | No hemostatic drug group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 982 | 56.01 (6.28-95.13) 56.45 ± 11.87 |
870 | 56.01 (6.28-95.13) 56.51 ± 11.76 |
112 | 55.45 (24.92-84.77) 56.04 ± 12.76 |
0.536 |
| Sex (male) (%) | 982 | 688 (70.10%) | 870 | 608 (69.90%) | 112 | 80 (71.40%) | 0.737 |
| Cancer (%) | 982 | 189 (19.20%) | 870 | 169 (19.40%) | 112 | 20 (17.90%) | 0.692 |
| Liver cancer (%) | 982 | 160 (16.30%) | 870 | 142 (16.30%) | 112 | 18 (16.10%) | 0.946 |
| Extrahepatic cancer (%) | 982 | 29 (3.00%) | 870 | 27 (3.10%) | 112 | 2 (1.80%) | 0.438 |
| Clinical features of AUGIB (%) | |||||||
| Hematemesis (%) | 982 | 587 (59.80%) | 870 | 541 (62.20%) | 112 | 46 (41.10%) | <0.001 |
| Melena (%) | 982 | 770 (78.40%) | 870 | 675 (77.60%) | 112 | 95 (84.80%) | 0.080 |
| Hematemesis and melena (%) | 982 | 375 (38.20%) | 870 | 346 (39.80%) | 112 | 29 (25.90%) | 0.004 |
| Etiology of liver diseases | 982 | 870 | 112 | 0.305 | |||
| HBV (%) | 982 | 399 (40.60%) | 870 | 359 (41.30%) | 112 | 40 (35.70%) | 0.260 |
| HCV (%) | 982 | 83 (8.50%) | 870 | 75 (8.60%) | 112 | 8 (7.10%) | 0.597 |
| Alcohol abuse (%) | 982 | 354 (36.00%) | 870 | 315 (36.20%) | 112 | 39 (34.80%) | 0.774 |
| HBV+alcohol abuse (%) | 982 | 106 (10.80%) | 870 | 94 (10.80%) | 112 | 12 (10.70%) | 0.977 |
| HCV+alcohol abuse (%) | 982 | 18 (1.80%) | 870 | 14 (1.60%) | 112 | 4 (3.60%) | 0.145 |
| Other or unknown etiology (%) | 982 | 186 (18.90%) | 870 | 159 (18.30%) | 112 | 27 (24.10%) | 0.138 |
| Endoscopic evaluation of EV (%) | 982 | 563 (57.30%) | 870 | 503 (57.80%) | 112 | 60 (53.60%) | 0.393 |
| No EV (%) | 982 | 34 (3.50%) | 870 | 26 (3.00%) | 112 | 8 (7.10%) | 0.024 |
| Mild EV (%) | 982 | 27 (2.70%) | 870 | 26 (3.00%) | 112 | 1 (0.90%) | 0.202 |
| Moderate EV (%) | 982 | 66 (6.70%) | 870 | 60 (6.90%) | 112 | 6 (5.40%) | 0.540 |
| Severe EV (%) | 982 | 437 (44.50%) | 870 | 392 (45.10%) | 112 | 45 (40.20%) | 0.328 |
| Laboratory tests | |||||||
| Red Blood Cell (1012/L) | 973 | 2.54 (0.79-5.94) 2.62 ± 0.70 |
864 | 2.52 (0.79-5.49) 2.59 ± 0.69 |
109 | 2.81 (1.21-5.08) 2.81 ± 0.71 |
0.002 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 974 | 72.00 (19.00-180.00) 75.10 ± 22.58 |
865 | 72.00 (19.00-180.00) 74.75 ± 22.47 |
109 | 75.00 (31.00-170.00) 77.88 ± 23.38 |
0.165 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 974 | 4.90 (0.80-46.10) 6.17 ± 4.75 |
865 | 4.90 (0.80-46.10) 6.19 ± 4.76 |
109 | 4.50 (1.10-30.70) 6.02 ± 4.69 |
0.658 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 974 | 76.00 (9.00-842.00) 95.96 ± 77.81 |
865 | 75.00 (9.00-775.00) 93.75 ± 74.28 |
109 | 84.00 (17.00-842.00) 113.51 ± 100.29 |
0.010 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 964 | 20.70 (3.30-553.60) 31.34 ± 39.68 |
855 | 20.60 (3.30-553.60) 31.38 ± 40.46 |
109 | 22.60 (5.90-241.40) 31.04 ± 33.14 |
0.857 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 949 | 29.90 (9.60-49.30) 29.69 ± 6.75 |
841 | 29.60 (9.60-49.30) 29.43 ± 6.69 |
108 | 31.45 (13.60-48.40) 31.66 ± 6.94 |
0.002 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 962 | 24.00 (5.00-1064.00) 37.64 ± 61.52 |
853 | 24.00 (5.00-1064.00) 37.66 ± 62.94 |
109 | 24.00 (5.00-438.00) 37.40 ± 49.23 |
0.764 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 962 | 32.00 (7.00-1487.00) 58.93 ± 117.01 |
853 | 32.00 (7.00-1487.00) 58.87 ± 117.48 |
109 | 31.00 (13.00-994.00) 59.39 ± 113.76 |
0.906 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 962 | 74.90 (1.30-889.00) 99.86 ± 88.33 |
853 | 73.00 (1.30-889.00) 97.68 ± 85.57 |
109 | 84.00 (28.00-868.00) 116.92 ± 106.48 |
0.002 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 962 | 40.00 (5.00-1168.00) 87.40 ± 126.42 |
853 | 39.00 (5.00-1168.00) 83.96 ± 119.53 |
109 | 48.00 (10.00-994.00) 114.36 ± 169.35 |
0.126 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 932 | 7.81 (1.54-55.01) 9.12 ± 5.99 |
827 | 7.94 (1.54-49.19) 9.28 ± 5.85 |
105 | 6.19 (2.22-55.01) 7.92 ± 6.90 |
<0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 930 | 60.20 (20.00-1189.00) 72.69 ± 69.59 |
825 | 61.00 (20.00-1189.00) 72.43 ± 66.07 |
105 | 57.00 (28.00-919.00) 74.77 ± 93.11 |
0.154 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 952 | 4.07 (2.13-7.87) 4.11 ± 0.55 |
845 | 4.09 (2.13-7.87) 4.13 ± 0.57 |
107 | 4.00 (2.79-5.80) 4.00 ± 0.43 |
0.003 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 952 | 138.60 (83.00-160.80) 138.17 ± 5.14 |
845 | 138.70 (83.00-160.10) 138.22 ± 5.14 |
107 | 138.00 (118.70-160.80) 137.84 ± 5.21 |
0.146 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 922 | 16.20 (10.80-62.80) 17.29 ± 4.82 |
816 | 16.30 (11.00-62.80) 17.44 ± 4.89 |
106 | 14.95 (10.80-40.90) 16.13 ± 4.17 |
<0.001 |
| INR | 920 | 1.31 (0.77-7.96) 1.45 ± 0.58 |
814 | 1.33 (0.79-7.96) 1.46 ± 0.59 |
106 | 1.18 (0.77-4.19) 1.32 ± 0.48 |
<0.001 |
| Child-Pugh score | 901 | 7.00 (5.00-15.00) 7.78 ± 2.00 |
798 | 7.00 (5.00-15.00) 7.81 ± 1.95 |
103 | 7.00 (5.00-14.00) 7.51 ± 2.30 |
0.187 |
| Child-Pugh class A/B/C (%) | 901 | 256 (28.40%)/476 (52.80%)/169 (18.80%) | 798 | 215 (26.90%)/433 (54.30%)/150 (18.80%) |
103 | 41 (39.80%)/43 (41.70%)/19 (18.40%) |
0.018 |
| MELD score | 895 | 6.60 (-7.52-40.95) 7.59 ± 6.71 |
795 | 6.74 (-7.44-39.17) 7.76 ± 6.64 |
100 | 5.21 (-7.52-40.95) 6.24 ± 7.09 |
0.056 |
| Vasoactive drugs (%) | 982 | 892 (90.80%) | 870 | 815 (93.70%) | 112 | 77 (68.80%) | <0.001 |
| Somatostatin (%) | 982 | 814 (82.90%) | 870 | 755 (86.80%) | 112 | 59 (50.40%) | <0.001 |
| Octreotide (%) | 982 | 379 (38.60%) | 870 | 332 (38.20%) | 112 | 47 (42.00%) | 0.436 |
| Proton-pump inhibitors (%) | 982 | 967 (98.50%) | 870 | 864 (99.30%) | 112 | 103 (92.00%) | <0.001 |
| Red blood cell transfusion (%) | 982 | 611 (62.20%) | 870 | 561 (64.50%) | 112 | 50 (44.60%) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics (%) | 982 | 468 (47.70%) | 870 | 416 (47.80%) | 112 | 52 (46.40%) | 0.782 |
| 5-day rebleeding (%) | 981 | 163 (16.60%) | 869 | 157 (18.10%) | 112 | 6 (5.40%) | 0.001 |
| In-hospital death (%) | 982 | 67 (6.80%) | 870 | 62 (7.10%) | 112 | 5 (4.50%) | 0.293 |
Abbreviations: Pts: patients; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; INR: international normalized ratio; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; EV: esophageal varices.