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. 2020 Jun 26;2020:4097170. doi: 10.1155/2020/4097170

Table 1.

Overall analysis of the difference between hemostatic drugs and no hemostatic drugs group.

Variables No. Pts Overall No. Pts Hemostatic drug group No. Pts No hemostatic drug group P value
Age (years) 982 56.01 (6.28-95.13)
56.45 ± 11.87
870 56.01 (6.28-95.13)
56.51 ± 11.76
112 55.45 (24.92-84.77)
56.04 ± 12.76
0.536
Sex (male) (%) 982 688 (70.10%) 870 608 (69.90%) 112 80 (71.40%) 0.737
Cancer (%) 982 189 (19.20%) 870 169 (19.40%) 112 20 (17.90%) 0.692
 Liver cancer (%) 982 160 (16.30%) 870 142 (16.30%) 112 18 (16.10%) 0.946
 Extrahepatic cancer (%) 982 29 (3.00%) 870 27 (3.10%) 112 2 (1.80%) 0.438
Clinical features of AUGIB (%)
 Hematemesis (%) 982 587 (59.80%) 870 541 (62.20%) 112 46 (41.10%) <0.001
 Melena (%) 982 770 (78.40%) 870 675 (77.60%) 112 95 (84.80%) 0.080
 Hematemesis and melena (%) 982 375 (38.20%) 870 346 (39.80%) 112 29 (25.90%) 0.004
Etiology of liver diseases 982 870 112 0.305
 HBV (%) 982 399 (40.60%) 870 359 (41.30%) 112 40 (35.70%) 0.260
 HCV (%) 982 83 (8.50%) 870 75 (8.60%) 112 8 (7.10%) 0.597
 Alcohol abuse (%) 982 354 (36.00%) 870 315 (36.20%) 112 39 (34.80%) 0.774
 HBV+alcohol abuse (%) 982 106 (10.80%) 870 94 (10.80%) 112 12 (10.70%) 0.977
 HCV+alcohol abuse (%) 982 18 (1.80%) 870 14 (1.60%) 112 4 (3.60%) 0.145
 Other or unknown etiology (%) 982 186 (18.90%) 870 159 (18.30%) 112 27 (24.10%) 0.138
Endoscopic evaluation of EV (%) 982 563 (57.30%) 870 503 (57.80%) 112 60 (53.60%) 0.393
 No EV (%) 982 34 (3.50%) 870 26 (3.00%) 112 8 (7.10%) 0.024
 Mild EV (%) 982 27 (2.70%) 870 26 (3.00%) 112 1 (0.90%) 0.202
 Moderate EV (%) 982 66 (6.70%) 870 60 (6.90%) 112 6 (5.40%) 0.540
 Severe EV (%) 982 437 (44.50%) 870 392 (45.10%) 112 45 (40.20%) 0.328
Laboratory tests
 Red Blood Cell (1012/L) 973 2.54 (0.79-5.94)
2.62 ± 0.70
864 2.52 (0.79-5.49)
2.59 ± 0.69
109 2.81 (1.21-5.08)
2.81 ± 0.71
0.002
 Hemoglobin (g/L) 974 72.00 (19.00-180.00)
75.10 ± 22.58
865 72.00 (19.00-180.00)
74.75 ± 22.47
109 75.00 (31.00-170.00)
77.88 ± 23.38
0.165
 White blood cell (109/L) 974 4.90 (0.80-46.10)
6.17 ± 4.75
865 4.90 (0.80-46.10)
6.19 ± 4.76
109 4.50 (1.10-30.70)
6.02 ± 4.69
0.658
 Platelet (109/L) 974 76.00 (9.00-842.00)
95.96 ± 77.81
865 75.00 (9.00-775.00)
93.75 ± 74.28
109 84.00 (17.00-842.00)
113.51 ± 100.29
0.010
 Total bilirubin (μmol/L) 964 20.70 (3.30-553.60)
31.34 ± 39.68
855 20.60 (3.30-553.60)
31.38 ± 40.46
109 22.60 (5.90-241.40)
31.04 ± 33.14
0.857
 Albumin (g/L) 949 29.90 (9.60-49.30)
29.69 ± 6.75
841 29.60 (9.60-49.30)
29.43 ± 6.69
108 31.45 (13.60-48.40)
31.66 ± 6.94
0.002
 Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) 962 24.00 (5.00-1064.00)
37.64 ± 61.52
853 24.00 (5.00-1064.00)
37.66 ± 62.94
109 24.00 (5.00-438.00)
37.40 ± 49.23
0.764
 Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) 962 32.00 (7.00-1487.00)
58.93 ± 117.01
853 32.00 (7.00-1487.00)
58.87 ± 117.48
109 31.00 (13.00-994.00)
59.39 ± 113.76
0.906
 Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) 962 74.90 (1.30-889.00)
99.86 ± 88.33
853 73.00 (1.30-889.00)
97.68 ± 85.57
109 84.00 (28.00-868.00)
116.92 ± 106.48
0.002
 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) 962 40.00 (5.00-1168.00)
87.40 ± 126.42
853 39.00 (5.00-1168.00)
83.96 ± 119.53
109 48.00 (10.00-994.00)
114.36 ± 169.35
0.126
 Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) 932 7.81 (1.54-55.01)
9.12 ± 5.99
827 7.94 (1.54-49.19)
9.28 ± 5.85
105 6.19 (2.22-55.01)
7.92 ± 6.90
<0.001
 Serum creatinine (μmol/L) 930 60.20 (20.00-1189.00)
72.69 ± 69.59
825 61.00 (20.00-1189.00)
72.43 ± 66.07
105 57.00 (28.00-919.00)
74.77 ± 93.11
0.154
 Potassium (mmol/L) 952 4.07 (2.13-7.87)
4.11 ± 0.55
845 4.09 (2.13-7.87)
4.13 ± 0.57
107 4.00 (2.79-5.80)
4.00 ± 0.43
0.003
 Sodium (mmol/L) 952 138.60 (83.00-160.80)
138.17 ± 5.14
845 138.70 (83.00-160.10)
138.22 ± 5.14
107 138.00 (118.70-160.80)
137.84 ± 5.21
0.146
 Prothrombin time (seconds) 922 16.20 (10.80-62.80)
17.29 ± 4.82
816 16.30 (11.00-62.80)
17.44 ± 4.89
106 14.95 (10.80-40.90)
16.13 ± 4.17
<0.001
 INR 920 1.31 (0.77-7.96)
1.45 ± 0.58
814 1.33 (0.79-7.96)
1.46 ± 0.59
106 1.18 (0.77-4.19)
1.32 ± 0.48
<0.001
Child-Pugh score 901 7.00 (5.00-15.00)
7.78 ± 2.00
798 7.00 (5.00-15.00)
7.81 ± 1.95
103 7.00 (5.00-14.00)
7.51 ± 2.30
0.187
Child-Pugh class A/B/C (%) 901 256 (28.40%)/476 (52.80%)/169 (18.80%) 798 215 (26.90%)/433
(54.30%)/150 (18.80%)
103 41 (39.80%)/43
(41.70%)/19 (18.40%)
0.018
MELD score 895 6.60 (-7.52-40.95)
7.59 ± 6.71
795 6.74 (-7.44-39.17)
7.76 ± 6.64
100 5.21 (-7.52-40.95)
6.24 ± 7.09
0.056
Vasoactive drugs (%) 982 892 (90.80%) 870 815 (93.70%) 112 77 (68.80%) <0.001
 Somatostatin (%) 982 814 (82.90%) 870 755 (86.80%) 112 59 (50.40%) <0.001
 Octreotide (%) 982 379 (38.60%) 870 332 (38.20%) 112 47 (42.00%) 0.436
Proton-pump inhibitors (%) 982 967 (98.50%) 870 864 (99.30%) 112 103 (92.00%) <0.001
Red blood cell transfusion (%) 982 611 (62.20%) 870 561 (64.50%) 112 50 (44.60%) <0.001
Antibiotics (%) 982 468 (47.70%) 870 416 (47.80%) 112 52 (46.40%) 0.782
5-day rebleeding (%) 981 163 (16.60%) 869 157 (18.10%) 112 6 (5.40%) 0.001
In-hospital death (%) 982 67 (6.80%) 870 62 (7.10%) 112 5 (4.50%) 0.293

Abbreviations: Pts: patients; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; INR: international normalized ratio; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; EV: esophageal varices.