Table 2.
PSM analysis of difference between hemostatic drugs and no hemostatic drug groups.
| Variables | No. Pts | Hemostatic drugs group | No. Pts | No hemostatic drug group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 86 | 55.60 (30.37-89.23) 57.00 ± 11.39 |
86 | 55.78 (24.92-84.77) 55.65 ± 11.73 |
0.504 |
| Sex (male) (%) | 86 | 60 (69.80%) | 86 | 62 (72.10%) | 0.737 |
| Cancer (%) | 86 | 10 (11.60%) | 86 | 16 (18.60%) | 0.201 |
| Liver cancer (%) | 86 | 8 (9.30%) | 86 | 15 (17.40%) | 0.117 |
| Extrahepatic cancer (%) | 86 | 2 (2.30%) | 86 | 1 (1.20%) | 0.560 |
| Clinical features of AUGIB (%) | |||||
| Hematemesis (%) | 86 | 33 (38.40%) | 86 | 36 (41.90%) | 0.641 |
| Melena (%) | 86 | 72 (83.70%) | 86 | 74 (86.00%) | 0.670 |
| Both hematemesis and melena (%) | 86 | 19 (22.10%) | 86 | 24 (27.90%) | 0.379 |
| Etiology of liver diseases | |||||
| HBV (%) | 86 | 22 (25.60%) | 86 | 32 (37.20%) | 0.100 |
| HCV (%) | 86 | 5 (5.80%) | 86 | 7 (8.10%) | 0.549 |
| Alcohol abuse (%) | 86 | 33 (38.40%) | 86 | 34 (39.50%) | 0.876 |
| HBV+alcohol abuse (%) | 86 | 6 (7.00%) | 86 | 11 (12.80%) | 0.201 |
| HCV+alcohol abuse (%) | 86 | 3 (3.50%) | 86 | 4 (4.70%) | 0.700 |
| Other or unknown etiology (%) | 86 | 35 (40.70%) | 86 | 29 (33.70%) | 0.344 |
| Endoscopic evaluation of EV (%) | 86 | 53 (61.60%) | 86 | 49 (57.00%) | 0.535 |
| No EV (%) | 86 | 5 (5.80%) | 86 | 7 (8.10%) | 0.549 |
| Mild EV (%) | 86 | 3 (3.50%) | 86 | 1 (1.20%) | 0.312 |
| Moderate EV (%) | 86 | 6 (7.00%) | 86 | 5 (5.80%) | 0.755 |
| Severe EV (%) | 86 | 39 (45.30%) | 86 | 36 (41.90%) | 0.646 |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| Red Blood Cell (1012/L) | 86 | 2.58 (0.93-5.07) 2.67 ± 0.73 |
86 | 2.68 (1.21-4.22) 2.71 ± 0.62 |
0.438 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 86 | 73.00 (31.00-157.00) 78.64 ± 24.96 |
86 | 73.50 (42.00-122.00) 74.99 ± 19.85 |
0.608 |
| White blood cell (109/L) | 86 | 4.05 (1.00-25.20) 5.35 ± 4.29 |
86 | 4.20 (1.10-30.70) 5.70 ± 4.62 |
0.400 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 86 | 70.50 (9.00-775.00) 97.90 ± 96.51 |
86 | 82.00 (17.00-842.00) 111.50 ± 105.11 |
0.103 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 86 | 20.10 (4.80-553.60) 35.42 ± 64.87 |
86 | 23.25 (5.90-241.40) 30.03 ± 30.64 |
0.968 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 85 | 30.90 (17.20-49.30) 30.60 ± 6.47 |
85 | 31.20 (13.60-48.00) 31.58 ± 7.12 |
0.337 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 86 | 26.00 (6.00-184.00) 32.23 ± 24.92 |
86 | 23.00 (5.00-438.00) 37.58 ± 53.46 |
0.548 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 86 | 35.50 (8.00-228.00) 49.35 ± 42.70 |
86 | 30.50 (13.00-994.00) 60.43 ± 125.71 |
0.218 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 86 | 76.30 (36.00-707.00) 114.00 ± 102.19 |
86 | 92.50 (28.00-450.00) 104.13 ± 61.66 |
0.381 |
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/L) | 86 | 55.50 (8.00-1168.00) 131.82 ± 209.08 |
86 | 49.50 (10.00-994.00) 103.97 ± 154.16 |
0.454 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 86 | 7.37 (2.07-24.92) 8.54 ± 4.91 |
86 | 6.20 (2.22-55.01) 8.04 ± 7.18 |
0.177 |
| Serum Creatinine (μmol/L) | 86 | 55.00 (24.00-449.00) 65.36 ± 49.07 |
86 | 57.00 (28.00-919.00) 72.37 ± 97.01 |
0.565 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 85 | 4.07 (2.13-5.48) 4.08 ± 0.55 |
85 | 4.00 (2.79-5.80) 4.02 ± 0.45 |
0.430 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 85 | 139.40 (128.90-147.30) 139.08 ± 3.77 |
85 | 137.60 (122.60-146.50) 137.51 ± 4.47 |
0.023 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 86 | 15.60 (12.90-47.00) 16.71 ± 4.44 |
86 | 15.25 (10.80-40.90) 16.37 ± 4.44 |
0.280 |
| INR | 86 | 1.25 (0.97-5.21) 1.38 ± 0.53 |
86 | 1.20 (0.77-4.19) 1.34 ± 0.51 |
0.219 |
| Child-Pugh score | 86 | 7.00 (5.00-14.00) 7.63 ± 2.05 |
86 | 7.00 (5.00-14.00) 7.52 ± 2.33 |
0.460 |
| Child-Pugh class A/B/C (%) | 86 | 29 (33.70%)/42 (48.80%)/15 (17.50%) |
86 | 35 (40.70%)/35 (40.70%)/16 (18.60%) |
0.585 |
| MELD score | 86 | 5.27 (-6.44-32.06) 6.28 ± 6.84 |
86 | 5.09 (-7.52-40.95) 6.17 ± 7.05 |
0.861 |
| Endoscopic variceal treatment (%) | 86 | 45 (52.30%) | 86 | 38 (44.20%) | 0.285 |
| Vasoactive drugs (%) | 86 | 67 (77.90%) | 86 | 65 (75.60%) | 0.718 |
| Somatostatin (%) | 86 | 60 (69.80%) | 86 | 49 (57.70%) | 0.082 |
| Octreotide (%) | 86 | 31 (36.00%) | 86 | 40 (46.50%) | 0.163 |
| Proton-pump inhibitors (%) | 86 | 83 (96.50%) | 86 | 84 (97.70%) | 0.650 |
| Antibiotics (%) | 86 | 41 (47.70%) | 86 | 43 (50.00%) | 0.760 |
| Red blood cell transfusion (%) | 86 | 47 (54.70%) | 86 | 44 (51.20%) | 0.647 |
| 5-day rebleeding (%) | 86 | 13 (15.10%) | 86 | 5 (5.80%) | 0.046 |
| In-hospital death (%) | 86 | 6 (7.00%) | 86 | 3 (3.50%) | 0.304 |
Abbreviations: Pts: patients; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; AUGIB: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; INR: international normalized ratio; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD: model for end-stage liver disease; EV: esophageal varices.