Table 2.
Summary of affected muscles, treatment programs, and study quality in the included articles.
| Author (years) | Affected muscles | Groups (n) | Acupuncture points | Treatment session | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardoso et al. (2020) [17] | Quadriceps | Acupuncture (n = 15) | LR3, ST34, ST36 | 5 insertions; 1 time | 4 |
| Sham (n = 15) | Sham acupuncture points | 5 insertions; 1 time | |||
| Control (n = 15) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Benito-de-Pedro et al. (2020) [18] | Triceps surae | Acupuncture (n = 17) | Ah-Shi | 8–10 insertions; 1 time | 5 |
| Sham (n = 17) | Sham acupuncture points | 90 sec | |||
| Fleckenstein et al. (2016) [19] | Biceps brachii | Acupuncture (n = 12) | LI4, LI11, LU3, LU5, GB34, SP10, Ah-Shi | De-qi; 15 mins; 1time/day; 3 days | 5 |
| Sham (n = 12) | Sham acupuncture points | 15 mins; 1time/day; 3 days | |||
| Control (n = 12) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Martín-Pintado-Zugasti et al. (2017) [20] | Upper trapezius | Acupuncture (n = 30) | Ah-Shi | 4 mins, 1 time | 2 |
| Sham (n = 30) | Sham acupuncture points | 4 mins, 1 time | |||
| Control (n = 30) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Yang (2016) [21] | Quadriceps | Acupuncture (n = 10) | Ah-Shi, SP10, SP6, GB34, GB30, BL23 | 25 mins; 1 time | 3 |
| Control (n = 10) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Paulson and Shay (2013) [22] | Biceps brachii | Acupuncture (n = 12) | LI4, LI10, LI11, TE5 | De-qi; 15 mins; 1 time | 3 |
| Sham (n = 12) | Sham acupuncture points | 15 mins; 1 time | |||
| Control (n = 12) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Itoh et al. (2011) [23] | Extensor digital | Acupuncture (n = 6) | Ah-Shi | 5 mins; 3 times | 3 |
| Sham (n = 6) | Sham acupuncture points | 5 mins; 3 times | |||
| Control (n = 6) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Wang (2009) [24] | Quadriceps | Acupuncture (n = 5) | ST36, RN8 | 20 mins, 1 time/day, 2 weeks | 2 |
| Control (n = 5) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Itoh et al. (2008) [25] | Biceps brachii | Acupuncture (n = 10) | Ah-Shi | De-qi; 10 mins; 1 time | 5 |
| Sham (n = 10) | Sham acupuncture points | 10 mins; 1 time | |||
| Control (n = 10) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Sham (n = 10) | Sham acupuncture points | 3 mins, 1 time/day; 4 days | |||
| Hübscher et al. (2008)[26] | Biceps brachii | Acupuncture (n = 7) | GB34, LU3, LU5, LI11, SP10, Ah-Shi | De-qi; 15 mins; 1 time/day; 3 days | 4 |
| Sham (n = 8) | Sham acupuncture points | 15 mins; 1 time/day; 3 days | |||
| Control (n = 7) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Li and Zhai (2006) [27] | Quadriceps, gastrocnemius, solus | Acupuncture (n = 14) | ST36, GB34, BL20, BL23, BL11, BL12, BL25, BL57, Ah-Shi | De-qi; 30 mins, 1 time/day, 1 week | 2 |
| Control (n = 14) | No acupuncture | Non-treatment | |||
| Barlas et al. (2000) [28] | Biceps brachii | Acupuncture (n = 12) | P2, CO11, LU5,CO4 | De-qi; 5 mins; 1 time/day; 5 days | 3 |
| Acupuncture (n = 12) | Ah-Shi | De-qi; 5 mins; 1 time/day; 5 days | |||
| Sham (n = 12) | Sham acupuncture points | 5 mins; 1 time/day; 5 days | |||
| Control (n = 12) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Lin and Yang (1999) [29] | Biceps brachii | Acupuncture (n = 10) | GB34, LU3, LU5, LI11, Ah-Shi | De-qi; 20 mins; 1 time/day; 5 days | 2 |
| Control (n = 10) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Xiang et al. (1998) [30] | Quadriceps | Acupuncture (n = 10) | PC6, GB30, ST36, GB34, BL57 | 30 mins; 1 time | 2 |
| Control (n = 10) | No acupuncture | No treatment | |||
| Jui (1994) [31] | Quadriceps | Acupuncture (n = 10) | SP10, GB31, ST36 | 3 mins, 1 time/day; 4 days | 2 |
| Sham (n = 10) | Sham acupuncture points | 3 mins, 1 time/day; 4 days |
BL11, Dazhu; BL12, Fengmen; BL20, Pishu; BL23, Shenshu; BL25, Dachangshu; BL56, Chengjin; BL57, Chengshan; CO4, Wei; CO11, Yidan; GB30, Huantiao; GB31, Fengshi; GB34, Yanglingquan; LI4, Hegu; LI10, Shousanli; LI11, Quchi; LR3, Taichong; LU3, Tianfu; LU5, Chize; P2, Erbeifei; PC6, Neiguan; RN8, Shengue; SP6, Sanyinjiao; SP9, Yinlingquan; SP10, Xuehai; ST34, Liangqiu; ST36, Zusanli; and TE5, Waiguan.