Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects aged 10–19 years
| Characteristic | Total | Male | Female | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 1,349 | 703 | 646 | |
| Age (yr) | 14.4±2.8 | 14.4±2.8 | 14.4±2.8 | 0.690 |
| Height (cm) | 161.6±11.0 | 165.2±12.1 | 157.7±7.8 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 55.3±14.5 | 59.0±15.8 | 51.4±11.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9±3.9 | 21.3±4.1 | 20.5±3.7 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 70.6±10.7 | 73.1±11.6 | 67.8±8.9 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 108.6±10.0 | 111.1±10.0 | 106.0±9.3 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 66.6±8.7 | 66.9±9.4 | 66.3±7.9 | 0.189 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 91.6±8.4 | 92.8±9.4 | 90.2±7.1 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 165.6±28.4 | 161.5±27.9 | 170.1±28.2 | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 86.5±54.2 | 84.7±57.1 | 88.4±50.7 | 0.208 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.1±10.3 | 50.5±10.1 | 53.9±10.2 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 96.2±24.9 | 94.1±24.6 | 98.5±25.1 | 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.88±1.58 | 0.98±1.72 | 0.77±1.40 | 0.017 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.3±1.3 | 5.9±1.3 | 4.6±0.9 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%)* | 5.9 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 0.022 |
| Abdominal obesity (%)† | 12.2 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 0.616 |
| High blood pressure (%)‡ | 28.0 | 30.6 | 25.2 | 0.029 |
| Hyperglycemia (%)§ | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.072 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia (%)∥ | 21.7 | 20.2 | 23.4 | 0.158 |
| Low HDL-C (%)¶ | 11.0 | 13.9 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indecated.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein.
Metabolic syndrome is defined as at least 3 of following 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C.
Abdominal obesity is defined as WC ≥ 90th percentile age/sex-specific.
High blood pressure is defined as SBP or DBP ≥90th percentile age/sex/height-specific.
Hyperglycemia is defined as fasting glucose level ≥110 mg/dL.
Hypertriglyceridemia is defined as TG ≥110 mg/dL.
Low HDL-C is defined as HDL-C ≤40 mg/dL.