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. 2020 Jul 6;21:163. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02069-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Drought treatment, transcriptome analysis, and ABA-related gene expression profiling across 224 maize accessions. a Illustration of the drought treatment and typical appearance of seedlings subjected to WW (well-watered), WS1 (moderate drought), and WS2 (severe drought) water regimes. b The representative curve of relative leaf water content (RLWC) during the drought treatment and at the points at which WW, WS1, and WS2 plants were sampled. Error bars and s.d. (standard deviation) were from the above three biological replicates. c Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 627 transcriptomes. d–f Clustering analysis of the regulation pattern of ABA-related genes among 224 maize accessions. The color bar indicates the normalized gene expression. The gene expression patterns were sorted into three clusters by k-means clustering algorithm. Cluster 1: drought-inducible genes (d). Cluster 2: drought-repressed genes (e). Cluster 3: response variable genes (f). The transcriptomic hierarchies of all the accessions were constructed based on the gene expression levels of 56 ABA-related genes. They were presented on the top of cluster 1. The origin of maize accessions is indicated by the bars across the top of each panel: orange for TST (tropical/subtropical); blue for stiff stock and non-stiff stock (SS and NSS); gray for mixed origins