Figure 3.

TNF-α induces inflammatory responses and the increased activities of responsive promoters in NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. NCM460s cells were treated with 1 ng/ml TNF-α for various time-points ranging from 0 to 24 h. (A-D) The relative mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were examined by RT-qPCR, and all results were normalized to those in untreated cells. (E and F) Dual Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to analyze the effect of TNF-α to the NF-κB promoter activity and TCF/LEF promoter activity. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with NCM460s cells without TNF-α stimulation. TNF, tumor necrosis factor; NCM460s, NCM460 spheroid; IL, interleukin.