TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the study population and results of 1H and 31P MRS.
| Seniors |
Young |
t-test p-value | B-H step-up (α = 0.1) | |||
| Mean ± SD | N | Mean ± SD | N | |||
| Anthropometry | ||||||
| Age (y) | 64.58 ± 5.84 | 19 | 29.4 ± 6.72 | 15 | <0.0001 | 0.003 |
| Weight | 72.53 ± 12.83 | 19 | 64.68 ± 9.31 | 11 | 0.0829 | 0.071 |
| BMI (kg.m–2) | 26.65 ± 4.30 | 19 | 21.15 ± 1.79 | 11 | 0.0004 | 0.014 |
| Fat mass (%) | 35.48 ± 10.3 | 19 | 25.52 ± 8.53 | 9 | 0.0184 | 0.054 |
| Muscle mass (%) | 27.13 ± 5.12 | 19 | 31.52 ± 8.10 | 9 | 0.0913 | 0.074 |
| Metabolic concentrations and fluxes at rest | ||||||
| Carnosine (mmol.l–1) | 3.75 ± 1.56 | 19 | 6.43 ± 1.76 | 9 | 0.0004 | 0.017 |
| PME (mmol.l–1) | 0.82 ± 0.27 | 19 | 0.76 ± 0.18 | 11 | 0.5273 | 0.094 |
| Pi (mmol.l–1) | 4.26 ± 0.94 | 19 | 4.03 ± 0.59 | 15 | 0.402 | 0.091 |
| GPC (mmol.l–1) | 5.35 ± 1.63 | 19 | 2.96 ± 0.64 | 11 | <0.0001 | 0.006 |
| PDE (mmol.l–1) | 5.92 ± 1.46 | 19 | 3.94 ± 0.61 | 11 | 0.0002 | 0.011 |
| PCr (mmol.l–1) | 30.65 ± 0.81 | 19 | 30.19 ± 0.83 | 11 | 0.1472 | 0.077 |
| pH | 7.08 ± 0.03 | 19 | 7.11 ± 0.02 | 11 | 0.0101 | 0.043 |
| NADH (mmol.l–1) | 0.81 ± 0.55 | 18 | 0.58 ± 0.29 | 11 | 0.014 | 0.046 |
| kATP (s–1) | 0.10 ± 0.04 | 19 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 15 | 0.0203 | 0.057 |
| FATP (mM.s–1) | 0.49 ± 0.20 | 19 | 0.51 ± 0.15 | 15 | 0.7719 | 0.100 |
| kCK (s–1) | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 19 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 15 | 0.0252 | 0.060 |
| FCK (mM.s–1) | 5.92 ± 1.15 | 19 | 6.87 ± 1.38 | 15 | 0.0361 | 0.066 |
| Metabolic concentrations and fluxes during exercise | ||||||
| PME (mmol.l–1) | 1.31 ± 0.69 | 19 | 0.81 ± 0.32 | 11 | 0.0338 | 0.063 |
| PDE (mmol.l–1) | 5.43 ± 1.82 | 19 | 3.56 ± 1.13 | 11 | 0.0049 | 0.040 |
| Pi (mmol.l–1) | 15.88 ± 5.94 | 19 | 13.10 ± 5.53 | 15 | 0.1725 | 0.083 |
| PCr (mmol.l–1) | 16.01 ± 6.63 | 19 | 23.1 ± 4.72 | 15 | 0.0014 | 0.034 |
| PCr drop (%) | 47.9 ± 21.9 | 19 | 23.08 ± 14.85 | 15 | 0.0007 | 0.026 |
| pH | 7.03 ± 0.06 | 19 | 7.08 ± 0.01 | 11 | 0.0183 | 0.049 |
| kATP (s–1) | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 19 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 15 | 0.1494 | 0.080 |
| FATP (mM.s–1)3 | 1.15 ± 0.35 | 19 | 0.76 ± 0.23 | 15 | 0.0006 | 0.020 |
| kCK (s–1) | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 19 | 0.17 ± 0.04 | 15 | 0.2278 | 0.086 |
| FCK (mM.s–1) | 2.42 ± 1.15 | 19 | 3.79 ± 0.93 | 15 | 0.0007 | 0.029 |
| Recovery-derived parameters | ||||||
| tau (s) | 43.69 ± 11.04 | 19 | 29.29 ± 8.26 | 11 | 0.0008 | 0.031 |
| Qmax (mM.s–1) | 0.49 ± 0.15 | 19 | 0.45 ± 0.10 | 15 | 0.3276 | 0.089 |
| VPCr (mM.s–1) | 0.35 ± 0.15 | 19 | 0.19 ± 0.05 | 15 | 0.0025 | 0.037 |
| PCr (mmol.l–1) | 30.88 ± 0.94 | 19 | 30.74 ± 1.24 | 11 | 0.7263 | 0.097 |
| Pi (mmol.l–1) | 4.28 ± 0.98 | 19 | 3.56 ± 0.69 | 11 | 0.0415 | 0.069 |
| pH | 7.02 ± 0.03 | 18 | 7.09 ± 0.05 | 11 | <0.0001 | 0.009 |
| PME (mmol.l–1) | 0.94 ± 0.42 | 19 | 0.61 ± 0.16 | 11 | 0.0183 | 0.051 |
| PDE (mmol.l–1) | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 19 | 3.81 ± 0.68 | 11 | 0.0006 | 0.023 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Unpaired Student t-test was performed for comparison between young and senior participants. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (in bold). Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment of multiple comparisons confirmed the results of the t-test (significant values in bold).