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The dual role of plasminogen activator protease (Pla) during the preinflammatory phase. A model of the early preinflammatory phase of pneumonic plague highlights the 2 roles of Pla, as a protease and adhesin, in promoting bacterial outgrowth and suppressing host response. Abbreviations: IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; T3SS, type 3 secretion system; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.
