Table 1.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma ⩽2 cm presenting as pure solid nodules after different surgical procedures.
| Variables | Surgical procedures |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lobectomy |
Segmentectomy |
Wedge resection |
||
| (n = 633) | (n = 54) | (n = 85) | ||
| Age | ||||
| Mean ± SD | 58.6 ± 8.9 | 61.3 ± 10.9 | 63.3 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| ⩽65 | 483 (76.3) | 36 (66.7) | 48 (56.5) | <0.001 |
| >65 | 150 (23.7) | 18 (33.3) | 37 (43.5) | |
| Sex | 0.151 | |||
| Male | 300 (47.4) | 33 (61.1) | 42 (49.4) | |
| Female | 333 (52.6) | 21 (38.9) | 43 (50.6) | |
| Smoking | 0.368 | |||
| Non-smoker | 484 (76.8) | 39 (72.2) | 60 (70.6) | |
| Smoker | 149 (23.2) | 15 (27.8) | 25 (29.4) | |
| COPD | 0.062 | |||
| Absent | 560 (88.5) | 45 (83.3) | 68 (80) | |
| Present | 73 (11.5) | 9 (16.7) | 17 (20) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.104 | |||
| Absent | 549 (86.7) | 44 (81.5) | 67 (78.8) | |
| Present | 84 (13.3) | 10 (18.5) | 18 (21.2) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.067 | |||
| Absent | 584 (92.3) | 49 (90.7) | 72 (84.7) | |
| Present | 49 (7.7) | 5 (9.3) | 13 (15.3) | |
| % pre FEV1 | 0.058 | |||
| >70 | 604 (95.4) | 50 (92.6) | 76 (89.4) | |
| ⩽70 | 29 (4.6) | 4 (7.4%) | 9 (10.6) | |
| CEA | 0.335 | |||
| ⩽10 ng/ml | 563 (88.7) | 47 (87) | 71 (83.5) | |
| >10 ng/ml | 70 (11.1) | 7 (13) | 14 (16.5) | |
| Tumor location | 0.237 | |||
| Upper and middle | 396 (62.6) | 33 (61.1) | 61 (71.8) | |
| Lower | 237 (37.4) | 21 (38.9) | 24 (28.2) | |
| VATS | 0.804 | |||
| Yes | 530 (83.7) | 47 (87) | 72 (84.7) | |
| No | 103 (16.3) | 7 (13) | 13 (15.3) | |
| Tumor size, radiological | 0.067 | |||
| ⩽1 cm | 157 (24.8) | 21 (38.9) | 20 (23.5) | |
| 1–2 cm | 476 (75.2) | 33 (61.1) | 65 (76.5) | |
| VPI | 0.047 | |||
| Absent | 402 (63.5) | 43 (79.6) | 58 (68.2) | |
| Present | 231 (36.5) | 11 (20.4) | 27 (31.8) | |
| Lepidic subtype | 0.011 | |||
| Absent | 446 (70.5) | 43 (79.6) | 72 (84.7) | |
| Present | 187 (29.5) | 11 (20.4) | 13 (15.3) | |
| Acinar subtype | 0.32 | |||
| Absent | 136 (21.5) | 9 (16.7) | 13 (15.3) | |
| Present | 497 (78.5) | 45 (83.3) | 72 (84.7) | |
| Papillary subtype | 0.012 | |||
| Absent | 199 (31.4) | 24 (44.4) | 38 (44.7) | |
| Present | 434 (68.6) | 30 (55.6) | 47 (55.3) | |
| Micropapillary subtype | 0.554 | |||
| Absent | 266 (42) | 19 (35.2) | 33 (38.8) | |
| Present | 367 (58) | 35 (64.8) | 52 (61.2) | |
| Solid subtype | 0.034 | |||
| Absent | 496 (78.4) | 40 (74.1) | 56 (65.9) | |
| Present | 137 (21.6) | 14 (25.9) | 29 (34.1) | |
| LN status | 0.663 | |||
| N0 | 554 (87.5) | 48 (88.9) | 79 (93) | |
| N1 | 47 (7.4) | 4 (7.4) | 3 (3.5) | |
| N2 | 32 (5.1) | 2 (3.7) | 3 (3.5) | |
CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LN, lymph node; SD, standard deviation; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery; VPI, visceral pleural invasion.