Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Year | Country | Sample size | Tumour subsite | Recruitment period | Treatment | Follow-up (months) | CAIX antibody | IHC pattern | Cut-off point (%) | CAIX (+) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sakata K et al. [27] | 2008 | Japan | 68 | Tongue | 1987–2004 | Rx | 11–146 (mean 56) | Rabbit polyclonal antibody to CAIX (Novus Biologicals) | Membrane | 10 | 32.35% (n = 22) |
| Kim SJ et al. [28] | 2007 | South Korea | 60 | Tongue | 1997–2004 | Sx, and Rx | 4.1–117.13 (mean 29.51) | Anti-CAIX mouse monoclonal antibody clone M75 | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 63.33% (n = 38) |
| Choi SW et al. [29] | 2008 | South Korea | 117 | Buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue, retromolar trigone, palate, and lip. | 1996–2000 | Sx, and Rx | 2–120 (mean 39.5) | Anti-CAIX mouse monoclonal antibody clone M75 | Cytoplasmic membrane | 5 | 58.12% (n = 68) |
| Roh JL et al. [30] | 2009 | South Korea | 21 | Tongue | 1997–2005 | Sx, and Rx | 37–123 (mean 60) | Monoclonal antibody CAIX (AF 2188) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 60.47% (n = 26) |
| Eckert AW et al. [31] | 2010 | Germany | 80 | Hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth, mandibular angle, and lower alveolar mucosa | 1994–1999 | Sx | 60 | Monoclonal antibody CAIX (HI-20, SC25599) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 42.5% (n = 34) |
| Han MW et al. [32] | 2011 | South Korea | 33 | Tongue | 2001–2006 | Sx, and Rx | 40 (range 9–113) | Monoclonal antibody CAIX (AF 2188) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 63.6% (n = 21) |
| Kondo Y et al. [33] | 2011 | Japan | 107 | Tongue, gingiva, floor of mouth, lips, and buccal mucosa | 1992–2009 | Sx | 60 | Rabbit polyclonal to CAIX (Abcam 15086) | Membrane | 10 | 91.58% (n = 98) |
| Brockton NT et al. [34] | 2012 | Canada | 61 | Unspecified oral cancer | 1998–2005 | Sx and Rx | 60 | Rabbit polyclonal to CAIX (Abcam 15086) | N/A | * | 26.23% (n = 16) |
| Heo K. [35] | 2012 | South Korea | 62 | Tongue and others | 2003–2006 | N/A | 52.2 (range 5.75–86.9) | Anti-CAIX mouse monoclonal antibody clone M75 | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 69.35% (n = 41) |
| Pérez-Sayáns M et al. [36] | 2012 | Spain | 50 | Buccal mucosa, soft palate, gums, retromolar trigone, tongue, and floor of the mouth | 2006–2010 | Rx, Qx, and Sx | 28.7–37.9 | Anti-CAIX mouse monoclonal antibody clone M75 | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 82.00% (n = 41) |
| Hwa JS et al. [37] | 2015 | South Korea | 24 | Tongue | 1998–2009 | Rx, Qx, and Sx | 11–116 (mean 56) | Rabbit polyclonal antibody to CAIX (Novus Biologicals) | Membrane | 10 | 20.83% (n = 5) |
| Yang JS et al. [38] | 2015 | Taiwan | 271 | Unspecified oral cancer | 2000–2006 | N/A | 150 months | Anti-CAIX antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) | N/A | N/A | 41.69% (n = 113) |
| Vasconcelos MG et al. [39] | 2015 | Brazil | 57 | Tongue | 1995–2007 | N/A | N/A | Anti-CAIX antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 10 | 66.7% (n = 38) |
| Simoes-Sousa S et al. [40] | 2016 | Brazil and Spain | 135 | Tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and retromolar trigone | NA | Rx, Qx, and Sx | 105 months | Antibody CAIX (Abcam 15086) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 5 | 57.78% (n = 78) |
| Brockton NT et al. [41] | 2017 | USA | 168 | Tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, and gingiva | 2003–2012 | Rx, Qx, and Sx | 33 (range 0.2–111.0) | Rabbit polyclonal CAIX (Abcam 15086) | N/A | * | 25.00% (n = 42) |
| Sáenz-de-Santa-María I et al. [42] | 2017 | Spain | 108 | Tongue | N/A | N/A | N/A | Antibody Carbonic CAIX (Abcam 15086) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 23 | 48.15% (n = 52) |
| Peterle GT et al. [43] | 2018 | Brazil | 52 | Unspecified oral cancer | 2002–2008 | Sx and Rx | 24–60 months | Antibody CAIX (Abcam 108351) | Cytoplasmic membrane | 25 | 50.00% (n = 26) |
| Eckert AW et al. [44] | 2019 | Germany | 158 | Unspecified oral cancer | 1997–2015 | Sx | 105 months | Anti-CAIX mouse monoclonal antibody clone M75 | N/A | 51 | 15.19% (n = 24) |
N/A: not available; Qx: chemotherapy; Rx: radiotherapy; Sx: surgery
*Raw AQUA score distributions for CAIX were evaluated: high CAIX expression was defined as an AQUA score within the upper quartile. Low CAIX expression was defined as an AQUA score within the lower three quartiles.