Table 2.
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model Estimating Multiple Job Holding, All Coefficients
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | + Controls | + Lagged DV | Restricted Sample | |||||
| Worked Multiple v. 1 Job | Worked Multiple v. 0 Job | Worked Multiple v. 1 Job | Worked Multiple v. 0 Job | Worked Multiple v. 1 Job | Worked Multiple v. 0 Job | Worked Multiple v. 1 Job | Worked Multiple v. 0 Job | |
| Recent partner incarceration | 0.604*** | 0.577** | 0.465** | 0.443* | 0.431* | 0.346 | 0.459* | 0.357 |
| (0.149) | (0.188) | (0.165) | (0.218) | (0.169) | (0.225) | (0.211) | (0.282) | |
| Partner prior incarceration | 0.041 | 0.104 | −0.076 | 0.105 | −0.052 | 0.130 | ||
| (0.132) | (0.152) | (0.143) | (0.172) | (0.144) | (0.176) | |||
| Race/ethnicity (ref. non-Hispanic White) | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.123 | 0.524* | 0.115 | 0.369 | −0.126 | 0.026 | ||
| (0.173) | (0.204) | (0.177) | (0.212) | (0.261) | (0.314) | |||
| Hispanic | 0.246 | 0.457 | 0.212 | 0.384 | −0.101 | −0.177 | ||
| (0.211) | (0.244) | (0.214) | (0.252) | (0.318) | (0.380) | |||
| Non-Hispanic other race/ethnicity | 0.131 | 0.087 | 0.015 | −0.109 | 0.050 | −0.050 | ||
| (0.380) | (0.427) | (0.385) | (0.439) | (0.624) | (0.741) | |||
| Age | −0.022 | −0.068*** | −0.017 | −0.052*** | −0.004 | −0.043* | ||
| (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.019) | (0.022) | |||
| Education (ref. Less than high school) | ||||||||
| High school diploma or GED | −0.026 | 0.259 | −0.081 | 0.201 | −0.130 | 0.066 | ||
| (0.152) | (0.173) | (0.156) | (0.179) | (0.208) | (0.241) | |||
| Some college | 0.151 | 0.666** | 0.061 | 0.558** | −0.014 | 0.309 | ||
| (0.167) | (0.199) | (0.171) | (0.206) | (0.244) | (0.297) | |||
| Bachelors degree or higher | 0.245 | 0.522 | 0.198 | 0.474 | −0.185 | 0.946 | ||
| (0.276) | (0.319) | (0.279) | (0.329) | (0.659) | (1.012) | |||
| Lived with both parents at age 15 | −0.307* | −0.415** | −0.319* | −0.373* | −0.327 | −0.476* | ||
| (0.130) | (0.151) | (0.132) | (0.156) | (0.197) | (0.231) | |||
| Foreign-born | −0.269 | −0.332 | −0.145 | −0.160 | −0.274 | −0.233 | ||
| (0.242) | (0.268) | (0.245) | (0.275) | (0.490) | (0.544) | |||
| Hourly wage at most recent job | −0.007 | 0.019 | −0.008 | 0.013 | −0.001 | −0.003 | ||
| (0.009) | (0.011) | (0.009) | (0.011) | (0.016) | (0.017) | |||
| Cognitive score | 0.056* | 0.069* | 0.058* | 0.062* | 0.110** | 0.120** | ||
| (0.025) | (0.028) | (0.025) | (0.029) | (0.037) | (0.043) | |||
| Impulsivity | 0.116 | −0.012 | 0.105 | −0.047 | −0.004 | −0.158 | ||
| (0.096) | (0.112) | (0.098) | (0.116) | (0.139) | (0.164) | |||
| Weekly work hours (ref. 1 to 34 hrs) | ||||||||
| Did not work | −0.355* | −1.698*** | −0.097 | −0.718** | 0.080 | −0.269 | ||
| (0.175) | (0.203) | (0.190) | (0.221) | (0.274) | (0.319) | |||
| 35 hours or more | 0.058 | 0.916*** | 0.036 | 0.871*** | 0.137 | 1.114** | ||
| (0.156) | (0.207) | (0.159) | (0.209) | (0.245) | (0.321) | |||
| Informal work | 0.585*** | 0.607*** | 0.439** | 0.487** | 0.399 | 0.257 | ||
| (0.139) | (0.168) | (0.144) | (0.175) | (0.205) | (0.248) | |||
| Fair or poor health | 0.076 | −0.331 | −0.030 | −0.535** | 0.029 | −0.345 | ||
| (0.175) | (0.194) | (0.181) | (0.202) | (0.249) | (0.275) | |||
| Drug use | 0.505** | 0.578* | 0.452* | 0.457 | 0.101 | 0.264 | ||
| (0.194) | (0.235) | (0.199) | (0.245) | (0.270) | (0.333) | |||
| No. of children <age 5 in household | 0.045 | 0.014 | 0.057 | 0.022 | 0.088 | 0.090 | ||
| (0.073) | (0.083) | (0.074) | (0.085) | (0.101) | (0.115) | |||
| No. of adults other than partners in HH | −0.154* | −0.221** | −0.136 | −0.227** | −0.080 | −0.204 | ||
| (0.075) | (0.084) | (0.076) | (0.086) | (0.105) | (0.117) | |||
| Residential status (ref. living with no partner) | ||||||||
| Living with partner (child’s father) | −0.245 | −0.396* | −0.177 | −0.313 | 0.165 | 0.009 | ||
| (0.138) | (0.165) | (0.139) | (0.169) | (0.201) | (0.239) | |||
| Living with new partner | 0.074 | −0.063 | 0.124 | −0.039 | 0.312 | 0.073 | ||
| (0.186) | (0.225) | (0.190) | (0.233) | (0.233) | (0.278) | |||
| Public assistance | −0.164 | 0.026 | −0.202 | −0.053 | −0.295 | −0.541 | ||
| (0.144) | (0.173) | (0.147) | (0.178) | (0.218) | (0.285) | |||
| Perceived financial support | −0.208 | −0.121 | −0.184 | −0.131 | −0.355* | −0.268 | ||
| (0.127) | (0.149) | (0.129) | (0.151) | (0.180) | (0.208) | |||
| Partner’s employment status | 0.025 | 0.332 | −0.052 | 0.242 | −0.062 | 0.152 | ||
| (0.150) | (0.177) | (0.153) | (0.184) | (0.191) | (0.234) | |||
| Multiple job holding, y3 (ref. no jobs) | ||||||||
| Worked only one job | 0.308 | 1.701*** | 0.418 | 1.632*** | ||||
| (0.237) | (0.243) | (0.330) | (0.339) | |||||
| Worked multiple jobs | 1.615*** | 2.922*** | 1.896*** | 2.958*** | ||||
| (0.266) | (0.309) | (0.375) | (0.435) | |||||
| Constant | −2.547*** | −1.800*** | −2.144** | −0.132 | −2.861*** | −2.193** | −3.473*** | −1.853 |
| (0.280) | (0.295) | (0.620) | (0.711) | (0.681) | (0.776) | (0.961) | (1.109) | |
| AIC | 6532.65–6541.688 | 5752.298–5761.575 | 5496.837–5504.087 | 2608.004–2,627.009 | ||||
| Observations | 3,835 | 3,835 | 3,835 | 1,673–1,680 | ||||
Note: ref. = reference, DV = dependent variable. HH = household. Standard errors in parentheses. All models include city fixed-effects. All covariates are measured at the three-year survey with the exception of recent partner incarceration (measured at year five), race/ethnicity, education, lived with both parents at age 15, and immigrant status (measured at baseline). AIC values vary across the five imputed data set and cannot be averaged using Rubin’s rules; the range for each model is shown. The sample for Model 4 is restricted to women whose partners have a history of incarceration; sample size varies by imputed data set.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001 (two-sided tests).