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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS. 2020 Apr 1;34(5):729–735. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002475

Table 1.

The levels of immune mediators in cytobrush supernatants, endocervical and vaginal secretions from women before (visit 1), one month (visit 2) and 3 months (visit 3) after Depo-Provera treatment.

Cytobrush
Mediator pg/mL Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 P Value
Median IQR Median IQR Median IQR V1 vs V2 V2 vs V3 V1 vs V3
IL-1α 66.49 (29.24–140.72) 19.8 (9.09–82.53) 41.45 (17.74–73.45) 0.0525 0.0266 0.0329
IL-1β 12.925 (3.69–30.46) 2.63 (1.7–17.7) 2.9 (1.89–4.2) 0.0395 0.799 0.0012*
IL-4 12.87 (7.86–20.46) 9.29 (4.76–13.03) 8.18 (4.28–11.37) 0.0048 0.5949 0.0037
IL-6 90.18 (30.42–280.34) 22.34 (10.82–45.13) 31.73 (9.2–66.76) 0.0002* 0.924 0.0018*
IL-7 10.26 (7.92–15.57) 7.37 (4.68–10.41) 6.44 (3.61–10.08) 0.0032 0.5678 0.006
IL-8 1484.65 (487.86–2798.51) 427.115 (245.79–698.75) 401.865 (211.1–713.43) 0.0096 0.924 0.0065
IL-10 13.885 (7.97–25.4) 6.46 (2.44–14.05) 4.08 (3.3–20.66) 0.0086 0.3926 0.0115
IL-12p40 13 (8.17–24.07) 8.06 (5.26–19.17) 9.19 (5.69–18.51) 0.039 0.7216 0.1601
IL-12p70 9.26 (5.74–14.36) 4.51 (2.96–9.91) 6.21 (4.65–14.02) 0.0053 0.4304 0.2965
IL-13 3.62 (2.98–6.53) 3.23 (1.9–4.64) 3.025 (2.12–4.22) 0.2901 0.8518 0.0213
IL-15 4.41 (3.33–5.65) 2.53 (1.47–3.99) 2.43 (1.45–3.33) 0.0009* 0.8288 0.0012*
IL-17 3.51 (2.44–6.29) 2.43 (1.6–3.92) 2.77 (0.85–4.8) 0.0022 0.8207 0.0461
TNFα 4.15 (2.38–9.65) 2.7 (1.85–5.58) 2.045 (1.32–4.2) 0.0138 0.9457 0.0491
MCP-1 424.06 (261.69–802.56) 134.35 (33.96–349.35) 103.71 (50.82–262.76) 0.0179 0.1601 0.013
G-CSF 1885.81 (797.30–3019.62) 451.04 (113.65–863.52) 628.355 (223.97–1088.69) <0.0001* 0.3294 0.0088
GM-CSF 6.88 (4.82–9.71) 3.35 (2.83–5.75) 3.22 (1.55–4.49) <0.0001* 0.4883 0.0006*
MIP-1α 33.75 (15.9–51.69) 14.91 (10.61–31.95) 33.925 (12.64–55.84) 0.0061 0.1956 0.0215
MIP-1β 26.17 (20.08–64.04) 20.7 (12.1–29.77) 24.2 (10.63–37.42) 0.0002* 0.5446 0.0029
RANTES 5.360 (2.91–346.94) 17.333 (6.63–41.8) 3.798 (1.88–11.29) 0.9341 0.0101 0.0415
IP-10 296.2 (146.01–701.43) 185.53 (99.32–491.12) 151.26 (68.3–327.93) 0.0151 0.5028 0.0564
IFNα2 40.34 (26.37–53.48) 28.77 (20.68–39.16) 23.02 (14.71–33.46) 0.0032 0.8987 0.002*
IFNγ 6.62 (3.11–8.4) 3.745 (2.15–5.24) 4.3 (1.88–6.42) 0.0043 0.3247 0.0799
EOTAXIN 12.62 (8.15–15.29) 8.64 (6.31–14.15) 9.805 (5.64–12.37) 0.0449 0.7467 0.1819
VEGF 106.995 (75.68–127.07) 59.605 (50.84–103.09) 82.43 (46.23–105.31) 0.0007* 0.2726 0.0088
EGF 11.53 (6.56–16.55) 8.515 (5.11–11.62) 10.14 (5.3–11.44) 0.0053 0.9032 0.0599
Endocervical Secretions
Mediator pg/mL Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 P Value
Median IQR Median IQR Median IQR V1 vs V2 V2 vs V3 V1 vs V3
IL-1α 252.48 (71.81–718.56) 216.95 (45.59–469.62) 305.27 (126.41–657.54) 0.546 0.1207 0.5838
IL-1β 21.85 (9.32–217.87) 25.85 (8.97–81.51) 24.09 (14.94–65.31) 0.2872 0.8736 0.2643
IL-4 21.83 (14.52–26.51) 23.91 (20.21–41.44) 22.72 (13.75–32.28) 0.2661 0.2182 0.6528
IL-6 339.43 (56.11–903.53) 168.165 (78.47–502.51) 145.84 (38.98–335.44) 0.5824 0.4389 0.0551
IL-7 13.74 (11.00–17.99) 17.875 (12.03–20.65) 13.07 (9.57–16.87) 0.4742 0.0195 0.6379
IL-8 3759.92 (877.41–7532.78) 2128.28 (1085.35–6163.68) 1368.74 (764.04–4827.54) 0.594 0.5646 0.1427
IL-10 44.015 (10.04–78.93) 34.86 (15.66–70.3) 21.21 (5.92–32.36) 0.7883 0.5235 0.1208
IL-12p40 24.07 (17.41–31.31) 26.53 (18.47–48.71) 28.66 (13.08–42.95) 0.1917 0.4559 0.2872
IL-12p70 10.955 (7.22–14.12) 12.32 (9.08–18.82) 11.4 (8.44–16.24) 0.2522 0.1659 0.2838
IL-13 6.74 (4.35–9.40) 8.85 (5.34–13.68) 7.78 (4.64–10.08) 0.1638 0.0564 0.8858
IL-15 7.42 (3.90–9.42) 8.44 (5.78–10.15) 6.16 (2.43–8.32) 0.6915 0.0576 0.0484
IL-17 4.69 (3.44–11.50) 8.09 (4.24–14.09) 5.565 (2.62–15.69) 0.0285 0.9821 0.3131
TNFα 13.665 (3.55–39.63) 10.65 (6.36–38.45) 8.53 (3.29–19.32) 0.5647 0.3748 0.4525
MCP-1 677.91 (264.42–3031.71) 630.38 (157.06–1995.48) 349.205 (94.13–700.69) 0.7676 0.065 0.1199
G-CSF 3142.97 (1592.84–4338.69) 1494.5 (372.39–3409.92) 1564.67 (618.49–2625.39) 0.0005* 0.4732 0.173
GM-CSF 13.45 (7.07–23.58) 10.99 (6.45–14.66) 8.95 (6.28–13.12) 0.0802 0.1174 0.0319
MIP-1α 44.41 (16.80–97.71) 30.195 (18.87–79.29) 31.545 (11.42–44.51) 0.714 0.1982 0.0395
MIP-1β 41.03 (23.84–101.09) 60.26 (26.75–98.99) 49.3 (21.94–81.88) 0.8532 0.0684 0.0691
RANTES 7.121 (1.69–554.98) 17.062 (8.41–35.16) 3.487 (1.19–6.3) 0.7496 0.0037 0.0691
IP-10 504.55 (122.39–1441.37) 623.3 (253.5–1558.07) 329.92 (214.88–968.09) 0.5824 0.7502 0.0787
IFNα2 53.46 (38.57–72.84) 66 (53.48–83.34) 43.43 (39.93–69.24) 0.1145 0.0564 0.6348
IFNγ 7.92 (5.83–13.38) 9.77 (6.43–15.6) 8.49 (5.23–12.51) 0.3182 0.2579 0.2305
EOTAXIN 16.115 (11.37–22.52) 17.795 (13.52–24.57) 18.275 (12.26–20.64) 0.2099 0.6578 0.4434
VEGF 151.415 (98.51–243.17) 164.565 (132.62–229.12) 157.47 (99–258.41) 0.2448 0.9161 0.856
EGF 19.83 (12.64–27.86) 20.46 (12.04–34.16) 24.11 (17.04–29.04) 0.2996 0.1193 0.1186
Vaginal Secretions
Mediator pg/mL Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 3 P Value
Median IQR Median IQR Median IQR V1 vs V2 V2 vs V3 V1 vs V3
IL-1α 393.16 (154.07–654.91) 296.015 (133.97–702.31) 433.97 (135.99–1022.65) 0.7493 0.2405 0.6893
IL-1β 22.98 (4.93–108.05) 28.67 (9.38–135.39) 14.035 (2.88–67.96) 0.9007 0.3205 0.406
IL-4 14.86 (9.32–20.44) 16.715 (9.64–21.54) 11.65 (6.27–18.38) 0.7451 0.423 0.065
IL-6 13.995 (8.43–105.62) 13.6 (6.69–47.5) 5.325 (1.62–34.49) 0.4108 0.2345 0.026
IL-7 11.61 (6.64–15.05) 11.29 (8.11–15.05) 9.375 (4.97–13.58) 0.1638 0.5202 0.0335
IL-8 1614.74 (915.03–3899) 1291.04 (660–3153.52) 1059.135 (272.78–3311.33) 0.9553 0.9406 0.7112
IL-10 6.09 (3.30–25.43) 8 (5.06–10.94) 2.87 (2.12–8.62) 0.6617 0.1678 0.0008*
IL-12p40 14.985 (7.99–23.70) 16.805 (8.77–23.85) 10.22 (4.66–27.82) 0.427 0.9168 0.9403
IL-12p70 7.31 (4.22–11.97) 8.1 (4.72–12.27) 7.38 (2.9–9.44) 0.5995 0.2226 0.4578
IL-13 4.75 (3.09–7.28) 5.95 (4.97–8.19) 4.78 (2.26–7.57) 0.2713 0.1341 0.6915
IL-15 3.27 (1.91–5.74) 3.46 (2.42–6.06) 2.205 (1.22–3.97) 0.7903 0.0701 0.0826
IL-17 3.25 (2.26–5.86) 3.23 (1.46–7.7) 1.75 (1.39–5.31) 0.5821 0.6544 0.3554
TNFα 5.87 (1.93–23.80) 5.92 (2.91–12.25) 1.93 (1.06–11.92) 0.6277 0.3737 0.0993
MCP-1 280.97 (36.05–472.43) 70.36 (18.06–211.78) 20.775 (10.95–84.32) 0.0136 0.2774 0.0103
G-CSF 415.955 (115.19–1364.75) 179.665 (74.18–334.52) 47.245 (34.32–196.79) 0.0187 0.2112 0.0138
GM-CSF 6.87 (4.08–10.09) 5.095 (3.7–10.32) 3.63 (2.16–6.35) 0.2182 0.9273 0.0019
MIP-1α 9.8 (5.97–27.45) 9.555 (5.78–13.64) 5.97 (2.76–24.02) 0.4846 0.8053 0.0751
MIP-1β 18.965 (9.81–30.98) 16.9 (11.72–21.59) 10.68 (7.11–20.63) 0.4414 0.1793 0.0594
RANTES 3.359 (1.21–15.05) 3.258 (1.51–13.55) 2.414 (1.35–14.02) 0.5944 0.1424 0.7683
IP-10 205.115 (35.96–513.31) 65.065 (33.78–249.16) 151.605 (20.71–500.04) 0.0385 0.8382 0.9368
IFNα2 40.35 (30.12–56) 43.09 (29.99–56.03) 36.2 (23.4–50.5) 0.5188 0.41 0.7712
IFNγ 6.72 (4.70–8.78) 6.04 (3.73–9.7) 5.36 (3.06–7.65) 0.3305 0.615 0.6827
EOTAXIN 15.86 (11.37–20.68) 17.325 (13.44–21.52) 12.82 (7.17–16.79) 0.4227 0.3205 0.178
VEGF 101.235 (1.90–4) 87.34 (66.94–122.16) 74.18 (44.69–133.04) 0.1569 0.6556 0.1291
EGF 26.14 (15.34–50.78) 26.055 (16.17–64.15) 67.69 (28.55–153.28) 0.5083 0.0001* 0.0015*
*

P value <0.05 after adjusted by false discovery rates for multiple tests.