Table 2.

Mixed effect model results predicting change in movement behaviors

	Increase in % of people remaining <1 mile from home		Decrease in vehicle miles traveled
N = 2,858	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
County-level predictors
Health behavior composite	0.11*	[0.02, 0.21]	0.16**	[0.09, 0.24]
March baseline	−0.32**	[−0.38, −0.26]	0.05	[−0.02, 0.12]
Population size	0.10*	[0.02, 0.19]	−0.01	[−0.07, 0.05]
Rurality	−0.10**	[−0.16, −0.06]	−0.28**	[−0.33, −0.24]
Household income	0.46**	[0.39, 0.54]	0.16**	[0.11, 0.22]
Education	0.23**	[0.18, 0.27]	0.37**	[0.31, 0.43]
Age	0.08**	[0.03, 0.14]	0.07*	[0.02, 0.13]
Ethnicity	−0.17**	[−0.27, −0.07]	−0.08*	[−0.15, −0.01]
Gender	0.01	[−0.02, 0.03]	−0.00	[−0.04, 0.04]
State-level predictors
Stay-at-home order issued	0.50**	[0.31, 0.69]	0.30*	[0.06, 0.54]
Population size	−0.01	[−0.18, 0.17]	−0.00	[0.22, 0.21]
Rurality	0.11	[−0.21, 0.44]	0.18	[−0.21, 0.57]

Models nested counties within states. “March baseline” represents the average of the outcomes over the first week of March. Rurality is coded as percent of the county or state that is rural. Ethnicity is coded as percentage non-Hispanic whites. Education is coded as percent with some college education. Gender is coded as percentage women. “Stay-at-home order issued” assessed whether the state issued a stay-at-home order.

*p ≤ .05.

**p ≤ .01.