Table 1.
Demographics summarized using mean (SD) and percentages
| All participants* n=2037 |
Highly engaged† n=658 |
Minimally engaged‡ n=1379 |
P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.7 (12.0) | 54.8 (10.6) | 47.3 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Starting weight (kg), mean (SD) | 93.9 (21.0) | 90.6 (20.1) | 95.5 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| Starting BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD) | 33.3 (6.8) | 32.2 (6.4) | 33.8 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Age group | ||||
| 18–44 (%) | 32.3 | 14.7 | 40.7 | <0.001 |
| 45–64 (%) | 57.4 | 67.8 | 52.4 | <0.001 |
| 65+ (%) | 10.3 | 17.5 | 6.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal (%) | 5.1 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 0.060 |
| Overweight (%) | 33.1 | 39.1 | 30.2 | <0.001 |
| Class I obesity (%) | 28.8 | 28.1 | 29.1 | 0.650 |
| Class II obesity (%) | 17.5 | 13.5 | 19.4 | 0.001 |
| Class III obesity (%) | 15.6 | 12.8 | 16.9 | 0.010 |
| College graduate (%) | 77.7 | 81.8 | 75.8 | 0.002 |
| Not a college graduate (%) | 22.1 | 17.6 | 24.2 | <0.001 |
| Education undisclosed (%) | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.050 |
| Male (%) | 26.0 | 28.9 | 24.6 | 0.040 |
| Risk factor for diabetes | ||||
| Blood glucose test (%) | 33.8 | 39.4 | 31.1 | <0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes (%) | 2.2 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.060 |
| CDC risk test (%) | 95.2 | 96.1 | 94.9 | 0.220 |
| Weight loss at 12 months (%) | 5.1 | 6.6 | 3.8 | 0.006 |
*All participants: any participant enrolled in Livongo DPP who attended lesson 1 and provided a starting weight.
†Highly engaged participants: participants who met the CDC high-engagement criteria by completing nine lessons within months 1–6 of the program and three lessons within months 7–12 of the program with a minimum of 9 months between first and final lessons completed.21
‡Minimally engaged participants: all participants not meeting the CDC high-engagement criteria.21
BMI, body mass index; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; DPP, diabetes prevention program.