Table 1.

Outrage Factors Influencing Public Perceptions of Risk and Acceptability of Risk Mitigation Strategies Over Time^a

Factors Influencing Public Perceptions of Risksb	Directionality of Increased Risk Perception (Increased Outrage, Lower Acceptability of Risk)	Changing Public Risk Perception Over Time in the US Regarding COVID-19 Pandemic (December 2019- April 2020)
		Prevention	Precrisis	Crisis
High catastrophic potential	Fatalities and injuries grouped in time and space rather than random and scattered	Low	Low/med	High
Familiarity	Unfamiliar	High	Med	Low
Understanding	Difficult to understand	High	High	High
Scientific uncertainty	High scientific uncertainty	High	High	High
Controllable	Lack of personal control and agency	High	High	High/low
Voluntariness	Involuntary vs voluntary	Low	High	Low
Trust in institutionsb	Lack of trust	Low	High/Low	High/low
Media attention	High vs low media attention	Low	High	High

Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

^aAdapted from below from Appendix C— in Covello et al [3].

^bNote that the perception of risk can vary by context and cultural beliefs of the public audience.