Table 1.
Prevalence of Self-reported Symptoms Among Individuals With and Without Laboratory-confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and Positive Predictive Value of Self-reported Symptoms Prior to Testing Among Household Contacts of COVID-19 Index Cases—Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, March–April 2020
| Symptom | All Cases (N = 42) | Household Index Cases (n = 26) | Household Contact Cases (n = 16) | Household Contact Noncases (n = 48) | Symptom PPV Among Household Contacts (n = 64), % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classic COVID-19 symptoms (any) | 38 (90) | 24 (92) | 14 (88) | 14 (29) | 50 (33–67) |
| Cough | 34 (81) | 22 (85) | 12 (75) | 13 (27) | 48 (30–67) |
| Fever (any) | 27 (64) | 18 (69) | 9 (56) | 3 (6) | 75 (47–91) |
| Measured fever ≥38.0°C (≥100.4°F) | 14 (33) | 11 (42) | 3 (19) | 1 (2) | 75 (30–95) |
| Subjective fever | 26 (62) | 18 (69) | 8 (50) | 2 (4) | 80 (49–94) |
| Shortness of breath | 19 (45) | 14 (54) | 5 (31) | 1 (2) | 83 (44–97) |
| Other symptoms (any) | 41 (98) | 25 (96) | 16 (100) | 29 (60) | 36 (23–50) |
| Headache | 32 (76) | 18 (69) | 14 (88) | 16 (33) | 47 (30–64) |
| Loss of taste or smell (any) | 26 (62) | 16 (62) | 10 (63) | 2 (4) | 83 (55–95) |
| Loss of taste (any) | 24 (57) | 16 (62) | 8 (50) | 2 (4) | 80 (49–94) |
| Loss of smell (any) | 18 (43) | 10 (38) | 8 (50) | 1 (2) | 89 (57–98) |
| Complete loss of taste or smell | 16 (38) | 10 (38) | 6 (38) | 1 (2) | 86 (49–97) |
| Complete loss of taste | 14 (33) | 9 (35) | 5 (31) | 1 (2) | 83 (44–97) |
| Complete loss of smell | 13 (31) | 7 (27) | 6 (38) | 1 (2) | 86 (49–97) |
| Nasal congestion | 26 (62) | 14 (54) | 12 (75) | 9 (19) | 57 (37–76) |
| Myalgia | 24 (57) | 16 (62) | 8 (50) | 3 (6) | 73 (43–90) |
| Chills | 23 (55) | 18 (69) | 5 (31) | 3 (6) | 63 (31–86) |
| Rhinorrhea | 20 (48) | 12 (46) | 8 (50) | 13 (27) | 38 (21–59) |
| Sore throat | 18 (43) | 11 (42) | 7 (44) | 10 (21) | 41 (22–64) |
| Fatiguea | 15 (36) | 10 (38) | 5 (31) | 6 (13) | NRb |
| Nausea/vomiting | 12 (29) | 10 (38) | 2 (13) | 1 (2) | 67 (21–94) |
| Diarrhea | 11 (26) | 8 (31) | 3 (19) | 10 (21) | 23 (8–50) |
| Abdominal pain | 10 (24) | 6 (23) | 4 (25) | 4 (8) | 50 (22–78) |
| Chest pain/discomforta | 8 (19) | 4 (15) | 4 (25) | 2 (4) | NRb |
| Lightheadednessa | 3 (7) | 2 (8) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | NRb |
| Loss of appetitea | 3 (7) | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | NRb |
| Wheezinga | 3 (7) | 2 (8) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | NRb |
| Othera,c | 5 (12) | 5 (19) | 0 (0) | NRd | NRb |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; NR, not reported; PPV, positive predictive value.
aNot included in list of symptoms, but self-reported in “other” category.
bPPV not reported because symptom was reported in the “other” category and was not systematically evaluated among all participants.
cIncludes single reports each of difficulty focusing, dry eyes, eye pain, hives, nasal pain, and photosensitivity.
dValues not reported for single reports of other symptoms among those who tested SARS-CoV-2 negative (ie, noncases).