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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2019 Jun 3;25(9):741–749. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.001

Figure 3. Model of how microglial sex differences are established.

Figure 3.

Potential mechanisms for how sex differences are achieved in microglia, applying the classical linear model of brain sexualization [92,93] and contributions of sex chromosomes [49,58–60] as well as introducing the idea of how irregular hormonal cycling seen in aged female mice may modulate microglial function [94]. Purple and blue represent female- and male-associated features, respectively.