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. 2020 Jul 6;109(12):1522–1530. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01704-y

Table 3.

Results of the incremental exercise test

Incremental exertion test Unit nm sm ffpm ANOVA nm
vs sm		 nm
vs. ffpm		 sm
vs. ffpm
Rest
 Hemodynamic parameters
  HR bpm 66.2 ± 9.3 66.2 ± 11.8 66.2 ± 7.2 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
  SV ml 100 ± 17.7 105 ± 22.3 103 ± 21.0 0.280 0.354 0.310 0.863
  CO l/min 6.3 ± 0.7 6.6 ± 0.7 6.6 ± 0.9 0.314 0.542 0.248 0.985
  avDO2 % 5.4 ± 1.5 4.7 ± 1.3 5.1 ± 0.9 0.346 0.307 0.837 0.623
  SBP mmHg 117 ± 8.7 122 ± 12.3 121 ± 12.0 0.399 0.474 0.529 0.977
  DBP mmHg 81.9 ± 6.1 80.1 ± 6.6 81.0 ± 6.2 0.569 0.494 0.836 0.907
 Pulmonary parameters
  VE l/min 10.5 ± 2.5 10.3 ± 2.6 10.4 ± 1.9 0.822 0.898 0.967 0.958
  Breathing frequency brpm 14.8 ± 2.2 12.9 ± 2.9 12.5 ± 2.7 0.006 0.051 0.016 0.601
  VT l 0.7 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.2 0.146 0.465 0.125 0.770
 Metabolic parameters
  pH 7.41 ± 0.02 7.44 ± 0.06 7.42 ± 0.02 0.166 0.278 0.558 0.422
  PCO2 mmHg 40.2 ± 3.4 39.3 ± 3.6 39.3 ± 2.2 0.094 0.179 0.213 0.998
  PO2 mmHg 111 ± 4.3 117 ± 23.1 122 ± 22.1 0.465 0.824 0.487 0.787
  Lactate mmol/l 1.00 ± 0.27 0.78 ± 0.26 1.04 ± 0.52 0.125 0.003 0.962 0.281
Maximum load
 Peformance
  Pmax W 277 ± 45.9 269 ± 45.1 263 ± 41.7 0.002 0.071 0.005 0.018
  Pmax/kg W/kg 3.40 ± 0.5 3.30 ± 0.5 3.22 ± 0.4 0.001 0.066 0.005 0.019
  VO2max/kg (ml/min)/kg 39.7 ± 5.8 37.9 ± 6.0 34.5 ± 5.3 < 0.001 0.063 0.001 0.013
 Hemodynamic parameters
  HR bpm 187 ± 8.3 183 ± 9.2 182 ± 11.2 0.106 0.031 0.107 0.964
  SV ml 151 ± 26.4 165 ± 35.0 164 ± 20.4 0.086 0.166 0.074 0.979
  CO l/min 25.8 ± 4.2 27.3 ± 5.6 27.0 ± 3.8 0.342 0.435 0.422 0.964
  avDO2 % 12.8 ± 2.8 11.5 ± 2.2 10.5 ± 2.0 0.002 0.084 0.007 0.172
  SBP mmHg 214 ± 18.2 212 ± 28.5 210 ± 18.8 0.901 0.984 0.905 0.954
  DBP mmHg 88.8 ± 9.6 95.8 ± 36.7 89.8 ± 8.8 0.582 0.779 0.959 0.847
 Pulmonary parameters
  VE l/min 131 ± 27.8 114 ± 23.3 98.8 ± 18.6 0.001 0.048 0.003 0.009
  Breathing frequency brpm 40.9 ± 5.1 39.3 ± 6.2 36.8 ± 5.9 0.019 0.518 0.024 0.138
  VT l 3.2 ± 0.7 2.9 ± 0.5 2.7 ± 0.4 0.016 0.255 0.021 0.102
 Metabolic parameters
  pH 7.27 ± 0.05 7.32 ± 0.10 7.31 ± 0.06 0.158 0.216 0.065 0.989
  PCO2 mmHg 34.2 ± 3.8 34.3 ± 5.9 34.9 ± .0 0.726 0.999 0.560 0.943
  PO2 mmHg 107 ± 20.5 116 ± 23.7 116 ± 23.2 0.502 0.714 0.339 0.996
  Lactate mmol/l 12.8 ± 3.09 11.0 ± 3.91 10.8 ± 3.12 0.049 0.132 0.105 0.985
Recovery
 Hemodynamic parameters
  HRR-1 min bpm −39.7 ± 15.9 −38.1 ± 9.2 −39.9 ± 11.2 0.203 0.055 0.611 0.781
  HRR-5 min bpm −72.5 ± 24.1 −77.6 ± 11.5 −77.3 ± 10.9 0.874 0.938 0.855 0.991

Results of the incremental exercise test of health volunteers wearing no mask (nm), a surgical mask (sm) and a FFP2/N95 mask (ffpm) depicted as mean ± standard deviation

Significant results are indicated in bold

HR heart rate, P power, SV stroke volume, CO cardiac output, avDO2 arterio-venous oxygen content difference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, VO2 oxygen uptake, VE ventilation, VT tidal volume, PCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PO2 partial pressure of oxygen, HRR heart rate recovery, bpm beats per minute, W Watt, brpm breaths per minute