Table 2.

Risk factors associated with severe illness among patients with confirmed COVID-19.

Characteristic	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Age (≥60 years)	4.207 (2.069–8.552)	<0.001
Sex	0.868 (0.438–1.718)	0.684
Current smokers	2.423 (0.214–27.388)	0.474
Hypertension	4.117 (1.836–9.232)	0.001	2.635 (0.999–6.945)	0.050
Diabetes mellitus	4.405 (1.274–15.230)	0.019
Highest temperature ( °C)	1.697 (1.181–2.440)	0.004
White blood cell count, × 109/L
4–10	ref
<4	0.983 (0.548–1.761)	0.953
>10	3.429 (1.616–7.276)	0.043
Lymphocyte count (<1.1 × 109/L)	0.136 (0.064–0.286)	0.002	0.290 (0.123–0.686)	0.005
Neutrophil count (>6.3 × 109/L)	3.882 (1.652–9.122)	0.002	2.815 (1.005–7.884)	0.049
eosinophilcount, × 109/l	0.155 (0.011–2.128)	0.163
hemoglobin, g/dl	0.996 (0.977–1.015)	0.671
Platelet count (<150 × 109/L)	0.291 (0.126–0.675)	0.004
Albumin (<34 g/L)	0.128 (0.056–0.291)	<0.001
Total bilirubin	1.036 (0.991–1.083)	0.121
Alanine aminotransferase (>40 U/L)	0.595 (0.218–1.622)	0.310
Prothrombin time (≥16 s)	2.423 (0.214–27.388)	0.474
Gamma-glutamyl transferase, U/L	1.000 (0.998–1.002)	0.974
Direct bilirubin, μmol/L	1.094 (1.004–1.193)	0.041
Lactate dehydrogenase (>245 U/L)	5.568 (2.701–11.478)	<0.001	2.903 (1.262–6.679)	0.012
Creatinine, μmol/L	1.021 (1.009–1.033)	<0.001
Urea nitrogen, mmol/L	1.203 (1.081–1.338)	0.001
Creatinine kinase (>120 U/L)	1.498 (0.650–3.457)	0.343
C-reactive protein (≥10 mg/L)	10.857 (4.816–24.477)	<0.001	4.133 (1.655–10.320)	0.002
Ground-glass opacity	0.929 (0.470–1.837)	0.833
Local patchy shadowing	0.705 (0.232–2.145)	0.538
Bilateral patchy shadowing	1.517 (0.753–3.055)	0.244
Interstitial abnormalities	0.791 (0.093–6.753)	0.83
Multi-lobular infiltration	1.655 (0.743–3.690)	0.218

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.