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. 2020 Jul 6;10:11083. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67684-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mean measurements of MOR mRNA (A) and protein (B) in punches taken from mPOA in birds infused with with negative control sequences (open bars) or siRNA sequences targeting MOR (filled bars) in mPOA. mRNA was measured 24 h after infusion in a group of untested males to validate the method. Protein was measured 48 h after infusion in control and experimental males and females to determine the extent of downregulation in birds immediately after completion of the CPP test. Dots are provided to illustrate male and female data. Dots represent individual birds; open dots = females; filled dots = males. * indicates p < 0.05.