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. 2020 Jul 6;10:11083. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67684-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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siRNA targeting MOR in mPOA reduces singing behavior 24 and 48 h post-infusion. Mean total singing behavior (A), beak wipes (B), and feeding plus drinking (C) in starlings infused with negative control sequences (open bars) or siRNA sequences targeting MOR (filled bars) in mPOA. * indicates p < 0.05. Dots are provided to illustrate data for females (open dots) and males (filled dots). Song measures are negative because birds always sing less after surgery, but the siRNA treated birds sang even less than controls. Lower figures: siRNA targeting MOR in mPOA disrupts the association between song and reward. Song correlated positively with reward state (measured using CPP, detailed in text) in birds infused with negative control sequences but not in birds infused with siRNA. Open dots = females, filled dots = males. The presence of a regression line indicates p < 0.05.