Table 1.

Statistical insights on differential language expression prior to an emergency visit*.

Feature	Cohen's d	p value (corrected)	Mean diff-of-diff	95% CI
Emergency
Change in Lnguistic Style/Mental Well-being
Categories that increase in usage before emergency visit
Anxious	0.241	< 0.001	0.070	[0.1, 0.38]
Depressed	0.238	< 0.001	0.066	[0.1, 0.37]
Arousal (how exciting the post is)	0.191	0.011	0.051	[0.06, 0.33]
Valence (positive affect)	0.168	0.017	0.079	[0.03, 0.3]
#posts b/w 9 am–12 pm	0.160	0.020	0.016	[0.02, 0.3]
#posts b/w 12–3 pm	0.144	0.047	0.013	[0.01, 0.28]
Categories that decrease in usage before emergency visit
Netspeak (‘u’, ‘da’, ‘smh’)	− 0.374	< 0.001	− 0.01	[− 0.51, − 0.24]
Informal Speech (‘lol’, ‘:)’, ‘b’)	− 0.345	< 0.001	− 0.012	[− 0.48, − 0.21]
Leisure (‘fun’, ‘play’, ‘nap’)	− 0.225	0.001	− 0.002	[− 0.36, − 0.09]
Change in Linguistic Topics
Topics that increase in usage before emergency visit
Hospital, pain, surgery, blood, doctor, nurse	0.230	0.001	0.001	[0.09, 0.37]
Kids, child, their, children, mother, father	0.165	0.021	< 0.001	[0.03,0.3]
Thankful, very, amazing, most, blessed, wonderful	0.142	0.013	< 0.001	[0.01,0.28]
Topics that decrease in usage before emergency visit
luv, nite, sum, 2 day, kidz, doin	− 0.315	< 0.001	− 0.001	[− 0.45, − 0.18]
< 3, tht, lovin, bt, missin, ima	− 0.308	< 0.001	< 0.001	[− 0.44, − 0.17]
nite, fb, bed, gn, sleep, night	− 0.295	< 0.001	− 0.001	[− 0.43, − 0.15]
jus, bored, crib, house, chilin, hmu	− 0.287	< 0.001	− 0.001	[− 0.42, − 0.14]
lol, ctfu, funny, too, yo, lmao	− 0.262	< 0.001	− 0.001	[− 0.4, − 0.13]

*Positive cohen’s d indicates an increase in the given style, while a negative score indicates decrease. Effect sizes of individual linguistic features (diff-of-diff b/w true and null events) for emergency visits. Significance was measured using paired, two-tailed t-test with Benjamini–Hochberg p-correction.