Table 1.

Newly developed COVID-19 syndromic indicators developed for PHE syndromic surveillance systems

Syndromic surveillance system	COVID-19 indicator	Descriptor
NHS 111 (telehealth)	Potential COVID-19 calls (percentage of total calls)	Telephone calls assessing patients with COVID-19 symptoms using specific clinical pathways
NHS 111 (online)	Potential COVID-19 online assessments (number)	Completed online COVID-19 assessments ending with further health advice
Emergency department	COVID-19-like attendances (number)	ED attendances where a COVID-19 SNOMED code is used as the first diagnosis code
General practitioner (GP) in hours	COVID-19-like consultations (rate per 100 000 population)	GP consultations using a SNOMED COVID-19 code
GP out of hours	Existing respiratory indicators	N/A
Ambulance	COVID-19-like ambulance dispatch calls	Calls using specific chief complaints for a pandemic