Fig. 2.

Associations of sociodemographic and risk variables with changes in emotional distress from the pre-pandemic to the during-pandemic/lockdown assessment (i.e. adjusted for pre-pandemic distress). Models that used stressors and health risks as predictors were adjusted for all sociodemographic variables. Risk factors were each entered one at a time (i.e. a separate model for each risk factor). Standardized regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were applied. For exact coefficients, CIs, and p values, see online Supplementary Table S4.