Table 3.
Clinical trials for anti-obesity medications
| Clinical trial | Orlistat | Lorcaserin* | Naltrexone/bupropion ER | Liraglutide | PHEN/TPM† ER | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XENDOS11 | BLOOM17 | BLOSSOM19 | BLOOMDM18 | COR-I25 | COR-II26 | CORBMOD27 | SCALE33 | SCALEMAINTENANCE34 | SCALEDIABETES33 | EQUIP41 | CONQUER42 | |
| No. of participants (ITT-LOCF) | 3,305 | 3,182 | 4,008 | 604 | 1,742 | 1,496 | 793 | 3,731 | 422 | 1,361 | 1,230 | 2,487 |
| BMI (kg/m2), range | ≥ 30 | 27–45 | 30–45 | 27–45 | 30–45 | 30–45 | 30–45 | ≥ 27 | ≥ 27 | ≥ 27 | ≥ 35 | 27–45 |
| Age (yr), range | 30–60 | 18–65 | 18–65 | 18–65 | 18–65 | 18–65 | 18–65 | ≥ 18 | ≥ 18 | ≥ 18 | 18–70 | 18–70 |
| Comorbid condition (cardiovascular and metabolic) | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥1 | ≥2 |
| Mean weight loss (%) with treatment (maximal dose) vs. placebo | 5.8 vs. 3.0 | 5.8 vs. 2.2 | 4.8 vs. 2.8 | 4.5 vs. 1.5 | 6.1 vs. 1.3 | 6.5 vs. 1.9 | 9.3 vs. 5.1 | 8.0 vs. 2.6 | 6.2 vs. 0.2 | 6.0 vs. 2.0 | 10.9 vs. 1.6 | 7.8 vs. 1.2 |
| Achieving rate ≥ 5% weight loss with treatment (maximal dose) vs. placebo | 52.8 vs. 37.3 | 47.5 vs. 20.3 | 47.2 vs. 25 | 37.5 vs. 16.1 | 48.0 vs. 16.0 | 50.5 vs. 17.1 | 66.4 vs. 42.5 | 63.2 vs. 27.1 | 81.4 vs. 48.9 | 54.3 vs. 21.4 | 66.7 vs. 17.3 | 62 vs. 21 |
| Study completion rate, treatment (maximal dose) vs. placebo (%) | 52 vs. 34 | 55.4 vs. 45.1 | 57.2 vs. 52 | 66.0 vs. 62.1 | 50.8 vs. 49.9 | 53.7 vs. 53.9 | 57.9 vs. 58.4 | 71.9 vs. 64.4 | 75 vs. 69.5 | 76.9 vs. 54.9 | 66.4 vs. 52.9 | 69 vs. 57 |
*Lorcaserin withdrawn from market due to cancer risk; †PHEN/TPM EQUIP (PHEN/TPM= 15/92 mg dose); CONQUER (PHEN/TPM= 7.5/46 mg dose).
ER, extended-release; XENDOS, Xenical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects; BLOOM, behavioral modification and lorcaserin for overweight and obesity management; BLOSSOM, behavioral modification and lorcaserin second study for obesity management behavior; BLOOM-DM, behavioral modification and lorcaserin for overweight and obesity management in diabetes mellitus; COR-I, the Contrave obesity research-I study; COR-II, the Contrave obesity research-II study; COR-BMOD, the Contrave obesity research-intensive behavior modification study; SCALE, satiety and clinical adiposity–liraglutide; EQUIP, controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults; CONQUER, effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults; ITT-LOCF, intention to treat-last observation carried forward; BMI, body mass index.