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. 2020 Jun 30;8:426. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00426

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Copyright © 2020 Khasin, Della Rosa, Petersen, Moeller, Kriegsfeld and Lishko.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pronuclei formation after in vitro fertilization by DEHP-treated sperm. Pronuclear formation was assessed 9 h after IVF; genomic DNA staining was done with DAPI. (A) Representative image of a successfully fertilized egg with two pronuclei (PN) and a polar body (Pb). The egg was inseminated with sperm treated with vehicle control solution. (B) Shown are representative images of unfertilized eggs following an IVF with sperm that was treated with 10 μM DEHP. The arrowhead indicates the position of the second metaphase spindle. (C) Percentage of fertilized eggs with PN detected. Each data point represents the mean of one of the three independent experiments ± S.E.M. *** indicates statistical significance (P < 0.005). The total number of eggs: 25 (control), 36 (+10 μM DEHP).