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. 2020 Jun 30;14:631. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00631

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Copyright © 2020 Yoshikawa, Masaoka, Yoshida, Koiwa, Honma, Watanabe, Kubota, Natsuko, Ida and Izumizaki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Functional connectivity patterns among the default mode network (DMN) and DMN-related brain regions in 16 subjects. (A) Connectivity matrix with no corrected physiological noise (Drif_NO). (B) Connectivity matrix corrected for cardiac noise (Drif_C). (C) Connectivity matrix corrected for cardiac and respiratory noise signals (Drif_CR). The value of these three matrixes is the correlation coefficient (r). (D) This network showed significant difference in the three conditions (Drif_NO, Drif_C, and Drif_CR) using Network-Based Statistic (NBS) (Zalesky et al., 2010a). (E) Results of FC strength with significant difference. Following NBS analysis, paired t-test and post hoc false discovery rate (FDR) correction was performed so as to further evaluate the strength of individual FC. The number of 13 nodes and 8 FC had significant differences. The red line indicates an increase in FC strength, while the blue line indicates a decrease in FC strength compared to no physiological noise correction. The single red line indicates that FC of Drif_C was significantly increased compared to Drif_NO. The double red line indicates that FC of both Drif_C and Drif_CR was significantly increased compared to Drif_NO. The single blue line indicates that FC of Drif_C was significantly decreased compared to Drif_NO. The double blue line indicates that FC of both Drif_C and Drif_CR was significantly decreased compared to Drif_NO. The broken blue line indicates that FC of Drif_CR was significantly decreased compared to Drif_NO. See Table 3 for the z-value in each strength of FC.