Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.
| No. | First author | Study area (Region) | Year of survey | Study location | Sampling method | Sample size | Mean age | Proportion of male (%) | Type of hypertension | Scale score | Cut-off score | Rate of hypertension (%) | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fang et al. (38) | Shanghai (S) | 2014 | Community | C | 1,606 | 72 (65–80) | 47.14 | NR | 7.61 ± 3.23 | >7 | 43.2 | 5 |
| 2 | Zhang et al. (20) | Hubei (S) | 2014 | Hospital | Conv | 70 | 43.4 ± 10.4 | 60 | Essential/Secondary | 9.73 ± 3.47 | >7 | 85.7 | 6 |
| 3 | Du et al. (39) | Jilin (N) | 2015–2016 | Community | Conv | 208 | 64.6 ± 6.5 | 51.92 | NR | 6.86 ± 2.28 | >7 | 43.75 | 5 |
| 4 | Hu et al. (40) | Hunan (S) | 2013–2014 | Hospital | R | 610 | 67.5 ± 7.1 | 55.74 | Essential | NR | >10 | 47.4 | 6 |
| 5 | Mao et al. (23) | Yunnan (S) | 2015 | Community | C | 793 | 68.0 ± 5.6 | 45.4 | NR | 5.7 ± 2.9 | >7 | 14.9 | 5 |
| 6 | Xiao et al. (41) | Guangdong (S) | 2013–2016 | Hospital | Cons | 176 | 68.0 ± 4.2 | NR | Essential | NR | >7 | 55.68 | 5 |
| 7 | Huang (42) | Fujian (S) | 2013–2014 | Hospital | Cons | 256 | 58.5 (30–80) | 55.86 | Essential | NR | >6 | 32.8 | 5 |
| 8 | Liu et al. (7) | Liaoning (N) | 2012–2013 | Community | M, R | 4,800 | 52.1 ± 14.1 | 50.72 | NR | 5.01 ± 2.71 | >5 | 36.02 | 7 |
| 9 | Ma et al. (43) | Shanxi (N) | 2014 | Hospital | Cons | 135 | 49 ± 6.4 | 100 | Essential | NR | >5 | 71.1 | 5 |
| 10 | Zheng et al. (44) | Fujian (S) | 2013–2014 | Community | Conv | 729 | 60.3 ± 9.2 | 54.32 | Essential | 5.39 ± 2.77 | >7 | 28.67 | 4 |
| 11 | Yu et al. (45) | Chongqing (S) | 2013–2014 | Hospital | Cons | 378 | 54.7 ± 11.8 | 51.06 | Essential | 3.65 ± 2.94 | >5 | 56.35 | 6 |
| 12 | Wei et al. (46) | Guangxi (S) | 2009–2013 | Hospital | Cons | 186 | 70.6 ± 9.7 | 54.84 | Essential | NR | >7 | 48.39 | 5 |
| 13 | Zhang et al. (47) | Zhejiang (S) | 2010–2012 | Community | Cons | 97 | 62.7 (50–78) | 48.45 | NR | NR | >6 | 80.4 | 4 |
| 14 | Zhu et al. (48) | Shanghai (S) | 2012 | Community | R | 457 | 64.7 ± 9.60 | 53.61 | Essential | NR | >6 | 65.34 | 5 |
| 15 | Fang et al. (49) | Hunan (S) | NR | Community | R | 145 | 75.3 ± 12.9 | 55.17 | Essential | 8.98 ± 3.36 | >7 | 45.67 | 6 |
| 16 | Wang et al. (50) | Guangdong (S) | 2012 | Hospital | Cons | 75 | 50.0 ± 8.7 | 57.33 | NR | 7.80 ± 3.95 | >7 | 44 | 4 |
| 17 | Wen et al. (51) | Shanxi (N) | 2012–2013 | Hospital | Cons | 268 | 35–75 | 45.15 | Essential | NR | >7 | 50 | 5 |
| 18 | Luo et al. (52) | Shanghai (S) | NR | Community | C | 629 | NR | NR | NR | NR | >5 | 44.67 | 6 |
| 19 | Dong et al. (53) | Anhui (S) | 2009 | Community | C, R | 1,110 | 69.1 ± 6.87 | 51.89 | NR | 7.65 ± 3.91 | >7 | 42.7 | 5 |
| 54 | Cheng et al. (54) | Guangdong (S) | NR | Community | Cons | 122 | 67.9 ± 6.1 | 54.92 | Essential | 8.34 ± 3.81 | >7 | 63.9 | 5 |
| 21 | Xie et al. (55) | Xinjiang (N) | 2008–2009 | Hospital | Cons | 760 | 56.3 ± 16.6 | 57.5 | NR | 8.42 ± 3.08 | >7 | 62.9 | 5 |
| 22 | Zhang et al. (56) | Guangdong (S) | 2007–2008 | Hospital | Cons | 100 | 74.0 ± 6.3 | 52 | NR | 9.54 ± 3.00 | >7 | 76 | 5 |
| 23 | Sun et al. (57) | NR | 2005–2006 | Hospital | Cons | 139 | 54.6 ± 18.7 | 63.31 | Essential | 10.96 ± 2.33 | >7 | 69.8 | 6 |
| 24 | Zhang et al. (58) | Gansu (N) | NR | Hospital | Cons | 71 | 52.1 ± 12.7 | 64.79 | NR | 10.86 ± 5.10 | >10 | 56.34 | 5 |