Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Previous Studies.
| Study | Controls Sample Size | Age, y, Mean (SD) | Sex (Male/Female) | Diagnosis | Patients Sample size | Age, y, Mean (SD) | Sex (Male/Female) | Target OFC Sulcus | Other Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiavaras and Petrides (2000) | 50 | 25.1 (5.3) | 28M/22F | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shaped, POS, IOS, etc | |
| Nakamura et al (2007) | 50 | 40.8 (9.4) | 45M/5F | Chronic Sz | 50 | 40.6 (10.4) | 45M/5F | H-shaped | |
| Nakamura et al (2008) | 25 | 41.1 (9.1) | 19M/6F | Chronic Sz | 24 | 39.1 (10.3) | 24M/0F | H-shaped | |
| Chakirova et al (2010) | 36 | 21.2 (2.4) | 17M/19F | High genetic risk of Sz | 146 | 21.2 (2.9) | 74M/72F | H-shaped (+ type IV) | |
| First episode Sz | 34 | 21.4 (3.7) | 23M/11F | ||||||
| Roppongi et al (2010) | 28 | 37.8 (9.8) | 10M/18F | Panic disorder | 28 | 38.4 (9.8) | 10M/18F | POS | |
| Uehara-Aoyama et al (2011) | 47 | 34.7 (10.1) | 17M/30F | Chronic Sz | 47 | 34.2 (10.1) | 23M/24F | H-shaped | |
| Whittle et al (2014) | 152 | 12.6 (0.4) | 80M/72F | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shaped | |
| Watanabe et al (2014) | 55 | 32.0 (7.1) | 55M:0F | ASD | 51 | 30.9 (8.2) | 51M:0F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | |
| Bartholomeusz et al (2013) | 73 | 23.7 (5.4) | 48M/25F | First episode Sz | 96 | 21.3 (3.3) | 71M/25F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | LGI, volume |
| Takahashi et al (2014) | 86 | 26.4 (6.6) | 45M/41F | Sz | 72 | 27.5 (6.0) | 39M/33F | H-shaped | YWHAE |
| Lavoie et al (2014) | 58 | 21.4 (3.2) | 37M/21F | UHR transitioned | 49 | 19.5 (3.3) | 29M/19F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | |
| UHR nontransitioned | 77 | 20.6 (3.6) | 44M/32F | ||||||
| Takahashi et al (2015) | 87 | 26.4 (6.6) | 45M/42F | Sz | 75 | 27.4 (6.1) | 41M/34F | H-shaped (+ type IV) | DISC1 |
| Ganella et al (2015) | 147 | 18.1 (0.8) | 62M/85F | EP/ELBW | 194 | 17.9 (0.8) | 87M/107F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | |
| Nishikawa et al (2016) | 84 | 24.5 (5.7) | 47M/37F | Sz | 102 | 25.5 (5.5) | 55M/47F | H-shaped (+ type IV), olfactory sulcus | |
| Schizotypal (SPD) | 47 | 25.0 (5.4) | 29M/18F | ||||||
| Cropley et al (2015) | 87 | 26.9 (10.0) | 55M/32F | Chronic Sz | 89 | 34.9 (9.6) | 76M/13F | H-shaped | |
| Yoshimi et al (2016) | 60 | 33.6 (10.3) | 29M/31F | Sz | 59 | 31.4 (9.7) | 23M/36F | H-shaped | NRG1 |
| Takahashi et al (2016) | 84 | 24.5 (5.7) | 47M/37F | Sz | 102 | 25.5 (5.5) | 55M/47F | POS, IOS | |
| Schizotypal (SPD) | 47 | 25.0 (5.4) | 29M/18F | ||||||
| Zhang et al (2016) | 58 | 23.3 (4.0) | 28M/30F | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shaped | |
| Takahashi et al (2017) | 59 | 26.1(5.1) | 28M/31F | Deficit Sz | 38 | 27.1(6.2) | 22M/16F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | AI, CSP |
| Nondeficit Sz | 37 | 27.1(7.5) | 12M/25F | ||||||
| Isomura et al (2017) | 375 | 36.5 (12.8) | 185M/190F | Sz | 155 | 36.0 (11.0) | 94M/61F | H-shaped | |
| Chye et al (2017) | 128 | 26.3 (8.9) | 91M/37F | CB user | 146 | 28.4 (10.5) | 98M/48F | H-shaped | |
| Patti et al (2017) | 53 | 31.1 (9.1) | 24M/29F | Sz | 49 | 36.5 (9.0) | 37M/12F | H-shaped | |
| Bipolar disorder | 46 | 35.7 (9.3) | 27M/19F | ||||||
| ADHD | 41 | 32.7 (10.6) | 21M/20F | ||||||
| Nakamura et al (2018) | 110 | 21.3 (3.2) | 54M/56F | ARMS | 125 | 21.3(5.5) | 54M/71F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | |
| Delahoy et al (2019) | 78 | 33.1 (10.1) | 42M/36F | OCD | 80 | 33.0 (8.3) | 42M/38F | H-shaped | |
| Takahashi et al (2019) | 61 | 25.6 (3.2) | 32M/29F | ARMS | 38 | 18.4 (3.9) | 24M/14F | H-shaped, POS, IOS | |
| Sz | 63 | 28.0 (9.4) | 29M/34F | ||||||
| Li et al. (2019) | 159 | 33.0 (9.8) | 154M/5F | PG | 165 | 34.3 (10.0) | 164M/1F | H-shaped (+ type IV) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; Sz, schizophrenia; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; UHR, ultra high risk; EP/ELBW, extremely preterm/extremely low birth weight; SPD, schizotypal personality disorder; CB, cannabis; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ARMS, at-risk mental state; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; PG, pathological gambling; POS, posterior orbital sulcus; IOS, intermediate orbital sulcus; GI, gyrification index; AI, adhesio interthalamica; CSP, cavum septi pellucidi; N/A, data not applicable.