Table 2.
The outcome of included studies.
| Author (year) | Outcome | Results | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cho et al. (2005) [14] | 1. MMT | 1. No differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). | Not reported |
| 2. VAS | 2. No differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). | ||
| 3. PROM | 3. In PROM, ZG had some effectiveness on abduction and flexion, but BV had effectiveness on all movement | ||
| Eom et al. (2006) [15] | 1. VAS | 1. Ratio of VAS showed significant decrease in BVA and BV coating needle groups compared to the AT group (p < 0.05) | Not reported |
| 2. FMMA | 2. FMMA showed significant increase in all groups (p < 0.05), No differences between the three groups. (p > 0.05) | ||
| 3. PROM | 3. PROM showed significant increase in all groups (p < 0.05), No differences between the three groups. (p > 0.05) | ||
| 4. Modified ashworth scale | 4. No differences between the three groups. (p > 0.05) | ||
| Ko et al. (2007) [16] | 1. VAS, PRS | 1. VAS: A > B (p = 0.022), PRS: A > B (p = 0.034) | 1. Pruritus: A (n = 8), B (n = 2) |
| 2. FMMA | 2. No differences between the two groups. (p > 0.05) | 2. Burning sensation: A (n = 3), B (n = 1) | |
| 3. PROM | 3. No differences between the two groups. (p > 0.05) | 3. Pain: A (n = 2), B (n = 3) | |
| Koh et al. (2013) [19] | 1. SPADI | 1. A > C (p < 0.05, at 8 and 12 weeks), No differences between the A and B groups. (p > 0.05) | 1. Slight pruritus, local swelling, redness (Mueller Grade 0): A and B (n = 30) |
| 2. VAS | 2. A > C (p < 0.05, at 8 weeks (at rest) and 12 weeks (during motion)), No differences between the A and B groups. (p > 0.05) | 2. Mild, generalized swelling, aching (Mueller Grade 1): A (n = 1). | |
| 3. PROM | 3. No differences between the three groups. (p > 0.05) | 3. Slight redness and pruritus: C (n = 3) | |
| 4. No SAEs. | |||
| Lee et al. (2006) [17] | 1. VAS | 1. A > B (p < 0.05) | Not reported |
| 2. PROM | 2. No differences between the two groups. (p > 0.05) | ||
| Park et al. (2011) [18] | 1. VAS, PRS | 1. VAS: A > B (p < 0.05); PRS: A > B (p < 0.05, after 4 weeks treatment) | Not reported |
| 2. PROM | 2. No differences between the two groups. (p > 0.05) | ||
| 3. FMMA | 3. No differences between the two groups. (p > 0.05) | ||
| Park et al. (2014) [20] | 1. SPADI | 1. A > C (p = 0.043) | Not reported |
| 2. VRS | 2. No differences between the three groups. (p > 0.05) |
MMT, manual muscle test; VAS, visual analog scale; PROM, passive range of motion; FMMA, fugl-meyer motor assessment; PRS, pain rating score; SPADI, shoulder pain, VRS, verbal rating scale.