. 2020 Jul 6;128(7):077001. doi: 10.1289/EHP5184

Table 2.

Average difference ( $β$ ) in marker of adiposity in offspring at 3 and 18 months of age pooled, and at respective visits for 1-unit (ng/mL) increase in maternal pregnancy serum PFAA concentration.

Compound (ng/mL)	BMI SDS			Ponderal index SDS			Waist circumference SDS
Compound (ng/mL)	$β$ (95% CI)	p	$p_{int}$ ^a	$β$ (95% CI)	p	$p_{int}$ ^a	$β$ (95% CI)	p	$p_{int}$ ^a
PFHxS pooled 3 and 18 months
Crude^b	0.04 ( $- 0.16$ , 0.25)	0.68		0.07 ( $- 0.13$ , 0.28)	0.48		$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.20$ , 0.18)	0.94
Adjusted^c	0.04 ( $- 0.16$ , 0.24)	0.67	0.90	0.08 ( $- 0.12$ , 0.29)	0.43	0.69	0.01 ( $- 0.18$ , 0.19)	0.95	0.62
Respective visits
Birth^d	0.19 ( $- 0.04$ , 0.43)	0.11		0.24 (0.01, 0.47)	0.05		0.13 ( $- 0.11$ , 0.36)	0.28
3 months^e	0.05 ( $- 0.18$ , 0.28)	0.66		0.10 ( $- 0.14$ , 0.33)	0.42		0.03 ( $- 0.18$ , 0.25)	0.76
18 months^e	0.04 ( $- 0.19$ , 0.26)	0.76		0.05 ( $- 0.18$ , 0.29)	0.67		$- 0.02$ ( $- 0.24$ , 0.20)	0.84
PFOS pooled 3 and 18 months
Crude^b	$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.01)	0.46		$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.02)	0.62		$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.004)	0.12
Adjusted^c	$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.01)	0.53	0.84	$- 0.004$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.02)	0.77	0.85	$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.01)	0.31	0.18
Respective visits
Birth^d	0.02 ( $- 0.01$ , 0.04)	0.15		0.03 (0.01, 0.05)	0.02		0.001 ( $- 0.02$ , 0.02)	0.95
3 months^e	$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.02)	0.63		$- 0.005$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.016)	0.63		$- 0.02$ ( $- 0.04$ , 0.004)	0.13
18 months^e	$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.02)	0.52		$- 0.003$ ( $- 0.03$ , 0.020)	0.78		$- 0.001$ ( $- 0.02$ , 0.02)	0.93
PFOA pooled 3 and 18 months
Crude^b	0.03 ( $- 0.03$ , 0.08)	0.35		0.05 ( $- 0.003$ , 0.11)	0.06		$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.06$ , 0.04)	0.73
Adjusted^c	0.04 ( $- 0.01$ , 0.10)	0.14	0.42	0.07 (0.01, 0.13)	0.02	0.43	0.01 ( $- 0.04$ , 0.07)	0.62	0.06
Respective visits
Birth^d	0.02 ( $- 0.04$ , 0.09)	0.50		0.05 ( $- 0.01$ , 0.12)	0.10		$- 0.02$ ( $- 0.08$ , 0.05)	0.59
3 months^e	0.03 ( $- 0.03$ , 0.10)	0.29		0.06 ( $- 0.004$ , 0.12)	0.07		$- 0.01$ ( $- 0.07$ , 0.05)	0.72
18 months^e	0.06 ( $- 0.01$ , 0.13)	0.09		0.09 (0.02, 0.16)	0.02		0.05 ( $- 0.02$ , 0.12)	0.13
PFNA pooled 3 and 18 months
Crude^b	0.13 ( $- 0.04$ , 0.30)	0.13		0.20 (0.03, 0.36)	0.02		0.03 ( $- 0.12$ , 0.18)	0.70
Adjusted^c	0.18 (0.02, 0.34)	0.03	0.74	0.24 (0.08, 0.41)	$< 0.01$	0.82	0.09 ( $- 0.06$ , 0.24)	0.25	0.62
Respective visits
Birth^d	$- 0.04$ ( $- 0.23$ , 0.15)	0.65		0.03 ( $- 0.16$ , 0.21)	0.79		$- 0.10$ ( $- 0.30$ , 0.09)	0.28
3 months^e	0.17 ( $- 0.01$ , 0.35)	0.07		0.23 (0.05, 0.42)	0.01		0.07 ( $- 0.11$ , 0.24)	0.45
18 months^e	0.20 (0.01, 0.39)	0.04		0.25 (0.06, 0.45)	0.01		0.12 ( $- 0.07$ , 0.30)	0.22
PFDA pooled 3 and 18 months
Crude^b	0.33 ( $- 0.10$ , 0.76)	0.13		0.53 (0.11, 0.96)	0.02		0.03 ( $- 0.37$ , 0.42)	0.90
Adjusted^c	0.42 (0.01, 0.84)	0.05	0.89	0.60 (0.18, 1.02)	$< 0.01$	0.92	0.10 ( $- 0.28$ , 0.49)	0.60	0.97
Respective visits
Birth^d	0.08 ( $- 0.40$ , 0.56)	0.74		0.20 ( $- 0.27$ , 0.67)	0.41		$- 0.07$ ( $- 0.55$ , 0.41)	0.78
3 months^e	0.41 ( $- 0.04$ , 0.87)	0.08		0.61 (0.14, 1.07)	0.01		0.10 ( $- 0.34$ , 0.54)	0.66
18 months^e	0.38 ( $- 0.12$ , 0.88)	0.12		0.59 (0.07, 1.10)	0.03		0.11 ( $- 0.36$ , 0.57)	0.65

Note: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; PFDA, perfluorodecanoic acid; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid; PFNA, perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; SDS, standard deviation scores.

^{^a}

Interaction between the compound and visit (3 months or 18 months), tested with the likelihood-ratio test.

^{^b}

Mixed modeling ( $n = 600$ for BMI SDS and ponderal index SDS, $n = 596$ for waist circumference SDS).

^{^c}

Mixed modeling: Adjusted for maternal age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, prepregnancy ${BMI}^{2}$ , educational level, smoking, sex, visit, and adiposity marker at birth. ( $n = 593$ for BMI SDS and ponderal index SDS, $n = 589$ for waist circumference SDS).

^{^d}

Linear regression: Adjusted for maternal age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, prepregnancy ${BMI}^{2}$ , educational level, smoking, and sex. ( $n = 593$ for BMI SDS and ponderal index SDS, $n = 589$ for waist circumference SDS).

^{^e}

Mixed modeling: Adjusted for maternal age, parity, prepregnancy BMI, prepregnancy ${BMI}^{2}$ , educational level, smoking, sex, and adiposity marker at birth. ( $n = 593$ for BMI SDS and ponderal index SDS; $n = 589$ for waist circumference SDS).