Table 5.

Examples of multi-enzyme immobilization systems based on polymers.

Materials	Model enzymes	Applications	Types of multi-immobilization	References
Polystyrene nanoparticles	FDH, FaldDH, ADH and GDH	Preparation of methanol from CO2	Random co-immobilization	El-Zahab et al., 2008
Polydopamine microcapsule	α-amylase, β-amylase and glucosidase	Preparation of isomaltooligosaccharide from starch	Compartmentalization	Zhang et al., 2011
Dendronized polymer (de-PG12000)	Superoxide dismutase and HRP	Preparation of ABTS∙−, O2 from ABTS2−, ${\text{O}}_2^{\bullet -}$	Random co-immobilization	Grotzky et al., 2012
Polyurethane hollow nanofiber	3a-HSD, DP and NADH	Preparation of 3-O-bile acid from bile acids	Random co-immobilization	Ji et al., 2014
ABA polymersomes	GOx and HRP	Preparation of D-gluconolactone from glucose	Compartmentalization	Siti et al., 2014
Supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogel	GOx and HRP	Preparation of gluconic acid, phenazine-2,3-diamine from glucose, O-phenylenediamine	Random co-immobilization	Wei et al., 2016
PNIPAm-PEI	Pyruvate kinase and L-lactic dehydrogenase	Preparation of lactate from phosphoenol pyruvate	Random co-immobilization/compartmentalization	Dubey et al., 2016
PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA Polymersomes	AGE, NAL and CSS	Preparation of CMP-Neu5Ac from GlcNAc, pyruvate and CTP	Compartmentalization	Klermund et al., 2017
Polyglycidyl methacrylate sphere	GOx and catalase	Preparation of gluconic acid from glucose	Random co-immobilization	Liao et al., 2019
LDPE-g-poly(PEGDA)/BG-g-PAANa film	β-glucosidase and cellulase	Preparation of glucose from cellulose	Compartmentalization	Wang Y. et al., 2019