Table 1. Summary of the patient’s history of illness.

Time	Initial condition	Procedure	Result
December 2015	KUB Imaging showed right staghorn stone (45.7 × 59.3 × 27.5 mm); Grade 3 hydronephrosis	RIRS and DJ stent insertion	Multiple tiny stones along the right urinary system from pelvio-calyces to vesico-ureteral junction ( Figure 2)
April 2016	KUB imaging showed multiple tiny stones along the right urinary system from pelvio-calyces to vesico-ureteral junction	Right URS; Right nephrostomy; Right PCNL; Insertion of a new DJ stent	A remaining radio opaque stone with a diameter of 8 mm at the ureteropelvic junction ( Figure 3a)
June 2016	KUB imaging showed an 8 mm radio opaque stone	ESWL twice	The stone size was decreased to 6 mm ( Figure 3b, c)
July 2016	KUB imaging showed a 6 mm radio opaque stone	ESWL; DJ stent replacement; Right laser URS	Small residual stones at the right kidney ( Figure 3d, e)
October 2016	A residual right nephrolithiasis	ESWL; DJ stent removal	A residual right nephrolithiasis ( Figure 3f)
January 2018	KUB imaging and CT urography showed right nephrolithiasis	N/A	Figure 3g
June 2019	CT urography showed right nephrolithiasis	RIRS and DJ stent insertion	Right DJ stent in situ; No residual stone ( Figure 3h, i)
November 2019	Right DJ stent in situ; No residual stone	DJ stent removal	No stone was found on the final KUB imaging ( Figure 3j)

CT, computed tomography; DJ, double J; ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; KUB, kidney-ureter-bladder; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; RIRS, retrograde intrarenal surgery; URS, Ureteroscopy.