Table 1.
Material properties
| Material | Young’s modules (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (pedicle screw, rod) | 113,800 | 0.342 |
| Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.3 |
| Cancellous bone | 100 | 0.2 |
| Disc | 4.2 | 0.45 |
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