Table 3.

Adjusted levels (predictive margins) for any pain medication or any opioid receipt by cancer history, severity of pain interference, and selected respondent characteristics

	Any pain medication				Any opioid
	Predictive margin	95% CI margin		p value*	Predictive margin	95% CI margin		p value*
Pain interference
Severe	38.1	36.3	39.9	< 0.001	25.3	23.7	27.0	< 0.001
Moderate	19.5	18.6	20.4	< 0.001	9.0	8.3	9.7	< 0.001
Mild/none	11.3	10.4	12.3		4.2	3.6	4.9
Cancer history
Cancer	22.4	21.6	23.2	0.002	9.8	9.1	10.5	< 0.001
No cancer	20.3	19.4	21.3		12.9	12.2	13.5
Cancer history, stratified by pain interference
Severe
Cancer	38.7	36.5	40.9	0.048	26.4	24.4	28.4	0.003
No cancer	37.1	34.4	39.8		23.8	21.5	26.2
Moderate
Cancer	20.3	19.1	21.5	0.105	10.6	9.6	11.5	0.292
No cancer	18.4	17.0	19.8		6.8	5.9	7.7
Mild/none
Cancer	12.6	11.3	14.0	0.001	5.3	4.4	6.2	< 0.001
No cancer	9.6	8.3	10.9		2.8	2.0	3.5
Sex
Male	19.8	18.9	20.7		11.0	10.3	11.7
Female	23.1	22.2	24.0	< 0.001	12.2	11.5	12.8	0.034
Age group
66–69	23.3	22.1	24.6		13.0	12.0	14.0
70–74	22.6	21.4	23.7	0.353	12.5	11.6	13.5	0.598
75–79	20.7	19.5	22.0	0.004	11.3	10.3	12.3	0.023
80+	18.9	17.7	20.2	< 0.001	9.4	8.5	10.3	< 0.001
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	22.6	21.7	23.4		13.0	12.3	13.6
Black, non-Hispanic	20.5	18.6	22.5	0.078	10.8	9.4	12.3	0.03
Hispanic	22.0	20.1	23.9	0.621	9.8	8.5	11.1	0.001
Asian, other	17.0	15.5	18.6	< 0.001	7.9	6.7	9.0	< 0.001
Currently married
Married	21.0	20.1	21.8	0.068	10.8	10.1	11.4	0.001
Not married	22.2	21.2	23.2		12.6	11.8	13.3
Education
< High school diploma	22.4	21.1	23.7		12.8	11.8	13.8
High school diploma	21.5	20.4	22.6	0.291	11.6	10.7	12.4	0.091
> High school diploma	20.9	20.0	21.9	0.087	10.8	10.0	11.5	0.001
Has a doctor ever told you that you have…
Coronary artery disease	20.6	19.1	22.2	0.235	11.7	10.5	12.9	0.878
Stroke	22.9	20.9	24.9	0.15	10.3	9.0	11.7	0.057
Pulmonary disease	22.5	21.1	24.0	0.134	12.8	11.7	13.9	0.048
Diabetes	23.7	22.5	24.9	< 0.001	12.0	11.2	12.9	0.12
Depression	22.2	20.7	23.7	0.305	11.8	10.7	12.8	0.895
Arthritis	24.3	23.4	25.2	< 0.001	12.6	12.0	13.2	< 0.001
Sciatica	24.3	23.0	25.6	< 0.001	12.8	11.9	13.8	0.001
Poverty rates
Low (0 to < 5%)	21.3	19.8	22.7	0.326	11.4	10.2	12.5	0.054
5 to < 10%	21.0	19.9	22.2	0.175	11.0	10.1	11.9	0.004
10 to < 20%	21.5	20.5	22.6	0.369	11.1	10.3	11.9	0.007
High (20 to 100%)	22.3	20.9	23.7		13.1	12.0	14.2
Region
Northeast	17.8	16.2	19.4		9.1	7.9	10.3
South	22.8	20.7	24.8	< 0.001	12.6	11.0	14.2	0.001
Central	22.1	20.8	23.4	< 0.001	11.6	10.7	12.6	0.003
West	21.9	21.0	22.8	< 0.001	12.0	11.3	12.7	0.001
Part D Low income subsidy
Full/partial	25.3	23.8	26.8	< 0.001	13.6	12.5	14.7	< 0.001
None	20.3	19.6	21.1		10.9	10.3	11.4
Plan type
HMO	21.6	20.9	22.2		11.5	11.0	12.0
Other plan type	20.8	18.7	23.0	0.512	12.5	10.8	14.2	0.363
Proximity of death
< 6 months from MHOS survey	26.4	22.8	30.1	0.004	17.4	14.5	20.3	< 0.001
≥ 6 months from MHOS survey	21.3	20.7	22.0		11.4	10.9	11.8

^ap values reported for comparison of predictive margins for each attribute compared with a reference category. HMO, health maintenance organization; MHOS, Medicare Health Outcomes Survey. Source: SEER-MHOS-Part D linked data, 2008–2012