Table 1.
Metabolism of 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6a by different bacterial strains during 24 h of incubation under control growth conditions (Exp. 1). Blank cells related to 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 indicate no metabolism takes place by these strains
| Strain | Total VFA formed (μmol/tube; mean ± SD)b | VFA productsc | 18:3n-3 | 18:2n-6 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % metabolized (mean ± SD)d | Products formed (% of total intermediates formed and remaining 18:3n-3)e,f | % metabolized (mean ± SD)d | Products formed (% of total intermediates and remaining 18:2n-6)e,f | |||
| Acidaminococcus fermentans VR4 | 54 ± 9.5 | A, B | ||||
| Acidaminococcus intestini ADV 255.99 | 55 ± 13.0 | A, B | ||||
| Bifidobacterium adolescentis RU 424 | 251 ± 5.4 | A | 79.8 ± 13.94 | 10-OH ∆12,15–18:2 (45%) | 76.8 ± 6.86 | 10-OH ∆12–18:1 (62%) |
| Bifidobacterium pseudolongum RU224 | 210 ± 18.5 | A | 26.7 ± 14.27 | 10-OH ∆12,15–18:2 (13%) | 23.1 ± 8.56 | 10-OH ∆12–18:1 (15%) |
| Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens D1 | 102 ± 45.9 | B, A | 99.3 ± 0.43 | c9,t11,c15 CLnA (48%) | 98.0 ± 0.40 | t11 18:1 (89%) |
| t11,c15 18:2 (43%) | ||||||
| t11 C18:1 (6%) | ||||||
| Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus P18 | 169 ± 12.7 | B, A | 98.9 ± 0.03 | c9/t13/t14 18:1g (42%) | 98.4 ± 0.48 | 18:0 (76%) |
| t15/c11 18:1g (21%) | t11 18:1 (17%) | |||||
| c15 18:1 (17%) | ||||||
| 18:0 (6%) | ||||||
| t11, c15 18:2 (6%) | ||||||
| Lactobacillus ruminis RF1 | 30 ± 17.2 | A, P | ||||
| Lactobacillus ruminis RF2 | 14 ± 11.9 | A, P | ||||
| Cutibacterium acnes DSM 1897 | 99 ± 43.7 | P, A | 86.5 ± 15.83 | ∆11,13,15–18:3 (50%) | 88.4 ± 7.16 | t10,c12 CLA (75%) |
| t10,c12,c15 CLnA (5%) | 10-OH 12–18:1 (7%) | |||||
| Ruminococcus albus 7 | 24 ± 8.6 | A | ||||
| Streptococcus equinus Pearl 11 | 18 ± 5.2 | A | 21.6 ± 10.58 | 13-OH ∆9,15–18:2 (6%) | 84.0 ± 2.95 | 13-OH ∆9–18:1 (69%) |
| Streptococcus gallolyticus DSM 16831 | 16 ± 5.1 | A | 96.3 ± 1.49 | 13-OH ∆9,15–18:2 (86%) | 89.8 ± 2.99 | 13-OH ∆9–18:1 (47%) |
| ∆9,14–18:2 (32%) | ||||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii B159 | 147 ± 5.6 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii T81 | 126 ± 6.1 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii LC1 | 121 ± 11.2 | B, A | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 2602A | 191 ± 21.2 | B, P | 32.7 ± 8.92 | 13-OH ∆9,15–18:2 (19%) | 81.8 ± 3.71 | 13-OH ∆9–18:1 (63%) |
| ∆9,14–18:2 (5%) | ||||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 3016B | 138 ± 10.5 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 3218A | 134 ± 7.9 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 3436A | 117 ± 4.3 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 4251 | 125 ± 6.8 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 4257 | 124 ± 5.3 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 4296 | 120 ± 5.5 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 4400 | 58 ± 25.8 | A, P | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 5045 | 128 ± 6.6 | B | ||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 5052B | 63 ± 9.9 | A | 60.9 ± 11.21 | 10-OH ∆12,15–18:2 (34%) | 88.0 ± 2.20 | 13-OH ∆9–18:1 (42%) |
| 10-OH ∆12–18:1 (24%) | ||||||
| Megasphaera elsdenii 5596 | 127 ± 3.1 | B | ||||
| Selenomonas ruminantium GA-192 | 83 ± 12.0 | P, A | ||||
| Selenomonas ruminantium PC 18 | 241 ± 31.8 | P, A | ||||
a The initial amount of fatty acid was 40 μg/mL
b Measured fermentation products were acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate and caproate
c Main VFA product: A, acetate; B, butyrate; P, propionate; in decreasing order of importance. Lactate concentration was not measured
d % metabolized, proportion of the initial 18:3n-3 or 18:2n-6 which was converted after 24 h of incubation
e Only the intermediates representing ≥5% are presented as its proportion of the sum of total intermediates and remaining initial 18:3n-3 or 18:2n-6 after 24 h of incubation
fc, cis; t, trans; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; CLnA, conjugated linolenic acid. For each of the formed intermediates, the proportion of the respective intermediate on the sum of total produced intermediates and remainder of the initial product (i.e. 18:3n-3 or 18:2n-6) after 24 h was calculated
g The different isomers could not be separated from each other with the used technique