Table 3.
Multivariate analysis of local factors affecting travel speed by foot in Ifanadiana, (linear additive model, with individual track as random intercept)
| Coeff | Std. Error | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept (km/h) | 3.27 | 0.10 | < 0.001 |
| Slope (%) | Non-lineara | -a | < 0.001 |
| Rainfall (every 10 mm) | − 0.06 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Travel distance (km) | |||
| [0, 13] | (Ref) | ||
| (13, 22.9] | − 0.38 | 0.02 | < 0.001 |
| Land cover | |||
| Mixed | (Ref) | ||
| Water bodies | − 1.32 | 0.18 | < 0.001 |
| Forest | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.93 |
| Rice field | − 0.46 | 0.16 | < 0.01 |
| Savanna | − 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.75 |
| Residential area | − 0.52 | 0.16 | < 0.01 |
| Individual | |||
| Community team staff | (Ref) | ||
| PIVOT research team | 1.20 | 0.03 | < 0.001 |
| Local population | 1.29 | 0.03 | < 0.001 |
aThere was an exponential decrease of speed at higher absolute values of slope (in percent). Non-linear smooth and confidence intervals are shown in Additional file 6